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E-book Compound Containment : A Reigning Power's Military-Economic Countermeasures against a Challenging Power
When is a reigning great power of the international system in a position to complement military containment of a challenging power with restrictive economic measures? It has been long argued that a reigning power is inclined to militarily confront a challenging power that has the potential to undermine international stability and threaten the reigning state’s privi-leged relative power position.1 For many scholars, policy analysts, and prac-titioners of the reigning power’s strategy, containment—defined as the use of internal or external military balancing measures to stop the challenging power from launching military aggression—is a particularly attractive mili-tary option in dealing with the challenging power since it is less risky and costly than other strategies such as preventive war or rollback.2 Nonethe-less, since economic capacity and military power are intimately linked to one another, containing a challenging state requires addressing both eco-nomic and military dimensions.3 Indeed, after the United States became the reigning power, a country identified as an adversary of the United States encountered both military and economic countermeasures organized by Washington.4 Today, the United States is in a position to decide whether it should—or can—reinforce military containment of China with economic measures.Scholars of great power competition, nonetheless, tend to focus on exam-ining the reigning power’s military response alone.5 This situation is unfortu-nate, because these scholars do not in fact assert that military force is the only consideration in containment strategy. On the contrary, most security studies scholars recognize that military measures should be supplemented by eco-nomic policies. Moreover, they agree that the reigning power’s security con-cerns over the challenging power are fundamentally motivated by changing distribution of material capacities, which reflects the two states’ differential economic growth.6 To put the point bluntly: scholars of great power politics agree that rapid economic growth endows the challenging power with an ability or incentive to revise the status quo, and, accordingly, responding to the challenging state requires addressing both military and economic aspects
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