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E-book Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis
City-wide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) is becoming the new paradigm in thinking about globally appropriate solutions for urban sanitation. The goal of CWIS is equitable, safe, and sustainable sanitation for everyone. Access to safely managed sanitation can be achieved through implementation of a range of appropriate technologies tailored to the realities of rapidly growing cities, with integrated combinations of sewered and non-sewered, and onsite,decentralised, and centralised technologies (Gambril etal., 2020; Schrecongost etal., 2020). Faecal sludge management (FSM) refers to the safe containment and treatment of non-sewered sanitation, and as illustrated in Figure 1.1, integrated faecal sludge management plays a vital role in CWIS. blished, with a long record of research, knowledge, and implementation (Jenkins and Wanner, 2014), and guidelines for onsite containment of excreta in rural areas are well accepted (Wagner and Lanoix, 1958). In comparison, the concept of integrated faecal sludge management in urban and peri-urban areas is relatively new. Some technologysolutions exist at the level of ‘ established’ (e.g.existing guidelines for implementation and operation), whereas others are at the level of‘transferring’ (e.g.not yet established, being adapted from other applications), or ‘i nnovativ e’ (e.g. still in the development phase) (WHO, 2018). There is a need for greater scientific knowledge to move solutions for faecal sludge management forward, a need that this book is designed to address through methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.The importance and need for faecal sludge management has been recognised worldwide, and with rapidly occurring developments, it is an exciting time in the sanitation sector. The incorporation of the entire faecal sludge management service chain in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), launched in 2015, has further established acknowledgement of its importance. There hasalso been an increase in the incorporation of faecal sludge management in national regulations and development agency agendas, increased funding from foundations and governments, and implementation of infrastructure and service provision. Curricula in CWIS are being developed an d implemented, there is an increase in evidence-based research and journal publications, and an emerging new generation of students , practitioners, and scientists, the future champions in developing and implementing sanitation solutions.
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