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E-book Circular and Transformative Economy
The increasing complexities with today’s interlinked challenges related to resource insecurities, the emergence of novel infectious diseases, socio?economic decline and environmental degradation require systemic approaches that address trade?offs, enhance synergies, minimise resource depletion, and promote waste reduction while operating within the planetary boundaries (Kimani?Murage et al., 2021; Menton et al., 2020; Naidoo et al., 2021a). Today’s age, which is dubbed the 4th Industrial Revolution, depends on sophisticated, cross?cutting, cross?sectoral, and intercon?nected systems to conveniently deliver goods and services (Nhamo and Ndlela, 2021). Although this globalisation has come with considerable technological advances and opportunities for development, it has also exposed the globe and its systems to severe disruptions and shocks, as demonstrated by climate change and pandemics which often cause disruptions in global supply chains (Magableh, 2021; Shang et al., 2021).As in any complex system, tensions always manifest between efficiency and resil?ience, the ability to anticipate, absorb, recover, and adapt to unexpected disruptions (Nhamo and Ndlela, 2021). These tensions indicate the connectedness between the attributes of a system, and therefore, addressing the tensions individually is bound to exacerbate existing challenges. Therefore, sector?based or system?specific resilience interventions are often accompanied by systemic risks resulting from initiatives that lead to suboptimal efficiencies in one sector at the expense of others (Nhamo and Ndlela, 2021). Cross?sectoral challenges require cross?sectoral interventions to realise integrated and multi?centric solutions (Naidoo et al., 2021b). Therefore, trans?formative approaches are cross?sectoral and polycentric decision support tools capa?ble of systematically and holistically addressing cross?sectoral challenges. This is enhanced by promoting the reuse and recycling of resources, ensuring that resources stay in use for longer periods, thus mitigating resource depletion and reducing envi?ronmental waste (Mastos et al., 2021). Therefore, transformative approaches pro?mote circularity and contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals SDGs), particularly Goals 11 (sustainable cities and communities) and 12 (respon?sible consumption and production) and the other interlinked goals.Transformative approaches, including the circular economy, nexus planning, just transition, one health, scenario planning, strategic foresight, horizon scanning, and sustainable food systems, emphasise cross?sectoral interventions and enhance socio?economic resilience against current challenges and future shocks (Batisha, 2022).
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