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E-book The Geostationary Ring : Practice and Law

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Penilaian

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After the launch of the first space object in 1957 by the Soviet Union, other States followed with space objects for different missions. With time, space ac-tivities developed into many directions. It became evident that activities un-dertaken beyond national boundaries needed to be internationally regulated. Governments started to call for the creation of multilateral treaties at the Unit-ed Nations and other fora. Specialists in law and policy had to get acquaint-ed with scientific and technical issues to provide sound proposals for such regulation.After several United Nations General Assembly Resolutions and years of discussions and drafting, the ‘Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies’ (Outer Space Treaty)1 was opened for signature in 1967 and entered into force in the same year. Today this treaty has more than 100 State Parties, including the spacefaring countries. This treaty and UN General Assembly Resolutions express the hopes of countries to partake in the explo-ration and use of outer space. Article i of the Outer Space Treaty declares that “[t]he exploration and use of outer space [...] shall be carried out for the ben-efit and in the interest of all countries, irrespective of their degree or eco-nomic or scientific development [...]”.2 Article ix also added the element of international cooperation by declaring that “States Parties to the Treaty shall be guided by the principle of cooperation and mutual assistance and shall conduct all their activities in outer space [...] with due regard to the corre-sponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty”.3 The Outer Space Treaty was followed by four more treaties.4 Although these treaties provide olid guidance for States in the exercise of space activities, other challenges have emerged during more than 60 years of space activities and technological development.This book focuses on the Geostationary Orbit, an area around our planet that naturally provides a haven for man-made satellites due to celestial dynam-ics. The idea of using the Geostationary Orbit was suggested early by several scientists, but Arthur C. Clarke provided the first exact parameters of this orbit and some of its possible uses.5 The Geostationary Orbit is a circular orbit with 0° inclination with respect to the Earth’s equator, located at approximately 36,000 km over the surface of the Earth. A space object inserted into this orbit from West to East has the same angular velocity as the Earth and thus moves synchronously with our planet. The object seems to be ‘stationed’ above a point of the terrestrial equator, enabling terrestrial antennas to be directed to one fixed point in the sky, saving costs on satellite location and tracking. Con-sidering that traffic of space objects6 is not limited to the Geostationary Orbit, as defined by the laws of physics, but occurs also in the adjacent area, this book addresses a ring-shaped area: ‘the Geostationary Ring’.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

341 MEJ t

Penerbit

Netherlands : BRILL., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

503 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789004411029

Klasifikasi

341

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

International Law

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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