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E-book Automatic Religion : Nearhuman Agents of Brazil and France
Brazil’s most famous outsider artist, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, spent fi ft y years in an asylum on the edge of Rio de Janeiro, diagnosed with schizophrenia. On the walls of his studio- cell as well as on objects therein, he created scores of works, many of them now displayed in museums. When, late in life, he gained public recognition, it caused him misgiv-ings: “I’m not an artist. I’m directed by voices to create.” He explained, “I hear a voice. . . . If it were up to me, I wouldn’t do any of this.” Further: “Th ey say that what I make is art. Th ey don’t know anything. Th is is not art; this is my salvation on earth.”1 What he was doing, he felt, was less creating and more working automatically, recording everything he saw in a catalog presentable to God.Not unlike Bispo do Rosário, the Swedish artist Hilma af Klint painted automatically in response to her spirit guides, a kind of visual dictation. Of her paintings she said: “I had no idea what they were supposed to depict. I worked swift ly and surely, without changing a single stroke.”2When in 1908 Rudolf Steiner told her to forget her otherworldly masters and follow her own intuition, to rely only on her individual self, she lost the ability to paint for the next four years. His recommended self was elu-sive, vast, and overwhelming. It left her paralyzed, hemming the freedom that automaticity had provided. Only a more ambiguous agency, built on an automatic interface, could propel her work.
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