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E-book Energy Management of Integrated Energy System in Large Ports
As a strategic pivot and important hub for ocean development and internationaltrade, large ports consume huge amounts of energy and are one of the main sourcesof global carbon emissions [1]. China has a vast port scale, with seven of the world’stop ten ports located in China [2]. The top ten seaports in China based on theirannual container throughput as of 2021 are listed in Table1.1. Various types ofports along the coast, rivers, and inland waterways are densely distributed in China,forming a systematic networked geographical layout with Shenzhen Port, ShanghaiPort, and Tianjin Port as the main hub ports for shipping, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port,Guangzhou Port, Qinhuangdao Port, Qingdao Port, Dalian Port, and Rizhao Port asimportant regional auxiliary ports for shipping, and other medium and small ports assupplementary ports. Against the backdrop of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”,energy-saving and emission reduction in ports have become urgent. Relevant insti-tutions such as the International Maritime Organization have introduced a series ofregulations to restrict emissions from the shipping industry, and countries are contin-uously deepening the adjustment of industrial structure to address the problem ofhigh energy consumption and emissions in the water transport industry. The “14thFive-Year Plan” for Green Transportation Development issued by the Ministry ofTransport proposes that by 2025, the proportion of new energy container trucks ininternational hub ports will reach 60%, and the transformation of existing opera-tional ships into electric power facilities will be accelerated. In 2022, the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission and ten other ministries jointly issued the“Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting Electrical Energy Substitution”, pointingout the need to deepen the electrification of the transportation sector and promoteshore power construction. State Grid Corporation has implemented more than 600port shore power demonstration projects in the Bohai Rim, southeast coastal largeports, the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and ports along the Yangtze River. Therefore, building low-carbon and green ports, prioritizing the devel-opment and utilization of clean energy, and promoting environmental protection arehotspots that urgently need to be studied in China’s energy structure upgrading andecological green development path.
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