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E-book Indian Agriculture Towards 2030
The historical experience of almost all economies shows that the share of the agricul-ture and allied sectors in total employment as well as in their national income fallswith progress in economic development. This decline does not, however, diminish theneed to address various challenges confronting the agriculture sector, which is a coreconcern in both developed and developing countries. Agriculture, after all, providesfood for the very survival of human life. More importantly, this dependence goesbeyond mere survival to adequate nutrition for an active and healthy life. The othersignificance of agriculture is its role in supporting and improving rural livelihoods.The kind of agriculture practised determines the maintenance of the agro-ecologicalbalance, biodiversity, sustainable use of land, water and other natural resources, apartfrom ensuring social security. Agriculture also supplies the raw material that is thefoundation for economic activities ranging from industrial production to trade andcommerce. Agriculture is both a victim of and contributor to climate change and,therefore, it must adapt to the consequences of this change and reduce its own emis-sions of greenhouse gases. The challenges and opportunities of the agriculture sectorare dynamic; some are common for all countries while some are country specific. Eliminating hunger and poverty has remained on the global development agendafor a long time and several initiatives have been taken to address them. The mostrecent attempts include the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, whichwere preceded by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The SDGs 2030provide a very valuable benchmark to address issues like hunger, poverty, nutrition,sustainability, climate change and inclusive development. Most of these goals aredirectly or indirectly related to agriculture.Despite a sizeable increase in the per capita production of food and ample grainproduction, hunger and malnutrition are far from being eradicated. There is evidenceto show that the world is not on track to achieve the SDG 2.1 Zero Hunger target by 2030.
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