This chapter introduces area-based management (ABM) in shipping against the historical and policy backdrop of control of international navigation in defined areas of ocean space, culminating with the development of the international law of the sea in the twentieth century. The problematique of ABM in shipping is set out as a deliberate and scientifically supported exercise guided by mul…
In theory, and regional destination shipping aside, there are three potential major routes for intercontinental transits through the Arctic (Arctic Council 2009; Østreng et al. 2013). The first, and most realistic, is the Northeast Passage, which includes the Northern Sea Route through Russian Federation waters. The latter has been see-ing growing, albeit incremental, commercial traffic …