When the volcano Tambora erupted in Indonesia in 1815, as many as 100,000 people perished as a result of the blast and an ensuing famine caused by the destruction of rice fields on Sumbawa and neighboring islands. Gases and dust particles ejected into the atmosphere changed weather patterns around the world, resulting in the infamous ''year without a summer'' in North America, food riots in Eur…
s the minister responsible for the local police, Lanskoi had particular grounds for concern over their poor performance. His, however, was not the only ministry dependent on the police. A contemporary journalist described the local police as, in effect, the eyes, ears, and hands of the state. “Almost everything discussed by ministerial departments,” he noted, “or…
This leaves the question of whether Sogi and his cohorts sawsomething in the waka of their day that scholars since have not; andthe answer would seem to be yes. For while many poets of that agewere satisfied with vain repetitions of familiar lines, a few intrepidindividuals still managed to approach the old form with vitality andartistic purpose. …
Previously unknown operations and new names continue to surface in the Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. This new edition contains updated information on Cold War spying, with over 350 A?Z main entries (over thirty of them new) biographical sketches, and an updated bibliography. In support of the entries the book includes useful tools: a complete chronology of si…
Empire, Colony, Postcolony provides a clear exposition of the historical, political and ideological dimensions of colonialism, imperialism, and postcolonialism, with clear explanations of these categories, which relate their histories to contemporary political issues. The book analyzes major concepts and explains the meaning of key terms. The first book to introduce the main historical and c…
Virtual Exchange refers to the numerous initiatives and methodologies which engage learners in sustained online collaborative learning and interaction with partners from different cultural backgrounds as part of their study programs and under the guidance of teachers or trained facilitators. This book reports on a large-scale European project, VALIANT (Virtual Innovation and Support Networks fo…
Finance theory is a phrase that encompasses under its umbrella portofolio theory, the capital asset pricing model, call option pricing, and arbitrage pricing theory; in sum, it includes those models most often associated with financial economics. In the late 1960s and early 1970's, the field was most closely associated with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), as evidenced by the emergence o…
For Jack Welch, it was just another one of those days. A round of meetings at Farfield headquaters in the morning. Back to his office to prepare the charts he would use for his lecture at Crotonville that afternoon. A private lunch in his small dining room off his office with the author and his VP for public relations, Beth Comstock. It is widely watched, of course, because it will mean the end…
The book presents the universal issues of high-level radioactive waste man-agement from the perspective of the German legal system. It covers the entire “life-cycle” of radioactive waste, i.e. from the moment that radio-active material is classified as radioactive waste (Chapter 1), through the period of interim storage (Chapter 2), up to its final disposal (Chapter 3)…
The present volume is a collection of essays aiming to shed new light on different aspects of the role of religion in Bob Dylan’s artistic output. The eight authors are all from Scandinavia, seven from Norway and one from Denmark. Norwegian Dylan-scholars will always remember when Dylan, at a concert in Oslo in 1998, compared Norway to where he grew up in Minnesota: “Well, I…
This open access book explores how medieval societies conversed about the city and citizen in texts, visual imagery and material culture. It adopts a long-term, interdisciplinary, and cross-cultural perspective, bringing together contributions on the early, high, and later Middle Ages, covering both the medieval East and West, and representing a wide variety of disciplinary angles and sources. …
In Isaac Asimov’s story, Someday (1956a), two young boys, Nic-colo and Paul, describe a world both clearly past and future for us. On the one hand, their descriptions of technology show the story’s age. Personal computers are run by valves and updated by reels of magnetic tape; there is no internet, no wifi, or cell technology — all the silly and fundamental …
The five-hundredth anniversary of the Protestant Reformation (1517) pro-vides an opportunity to reflect in a new way on the relationship between the Protestants and the Society of Jesus, which was founded twenty-three years later (1540). Before we discuss the Jesuit–Protestant encounter in Africa, which resulted from the colonial expansion of the Catholic and Protestant Eur…
Luck is all around us.1 There is a certain school of cultural anthropology that is intent on tracking the structures, categories and beliefs that recur across all human societies, transcending the profound differences in history and culture that separate them. This school of ambitious universalists – which is by no mean uncontroversial, both within the field of anthropology…
Software is an essential part in various facets of our daily life. Mobility,production, energy supply, economics, and infrastructure, to name only afew examples, strongly depend on software. This software is not always ofhigh quality. Critical issues that arose from poor software quality are evenreported manifold publicly in the press. For example, Denver InternationalAirport opened, delayed, …
A company formed by the young, avowed British imperialist Cecil John Rhodes and his business partner Charles Dunell Rudd, with interests in the diamond mines of the Kimberley and gold mining in the Witwatersrand, became one of the foremost British mining-finance companies in the twentieth century. Emanating from South Africa, the company that Rhodes and Rudd founded, The …
The “Psychology of Human Thought” is an “open access” collection of peer-reviewed chapters from all areas of higher cognitive processes. The book is intended to be used as a textbook in courses on higher process, complex cognition, human thought, and related courses. Chapters include concept acquisition, knowledge representation, inductive and deductive reasoning, problem solving, metac…
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) is a central thinker of the twentieth century, not just an economic theorist and statesman, but also an important figure in economics, philosophy, politics, and culture. In this Very Short Introduction Lord Skidelsky, a renowned biographer of Keynes, explores his ethical and practical philosophy, his monetary thought, and provides an insight into his life and wor…
The massive disorder and economic ruin following the Second World War inevitably predetermined the scope and intensity of the Cold War. But why did it last so long? And what impact did it have on the United States, the Soviet Union, Europe, and the Third World? Finally, how did it affect the broader history of the second half of the twentieth century - what were the human and financial costs? T…
The best leaders know how to communicate clearly and persuasively. How do you stack up?If you read nothing else on communicating effectively, read these 10 articles. We’ve combed through hundreds of articles in the Harvard Business Review archive and selected the most important ones to help you express your ideas with clarity and impact?no matter what the situation.
ccording to the statistics provided by Confederation of Danish Industries, 4 bil-lion people around the globe live on less than US$ 2 per day. The low-income market constitutes the majority of the consumers in the countries from Sub-Sa-haran Africa and Asia, and covers parts of Latin America, Eastern Europe and the Caribbean region. Despite the fact that 2.86 billion or 83 % of the Asian …
Humans, represented by members of genus Homo, have been living in Europe for around 1.5 million years. But who were they? How did they survive? In short, what kinds of ‘humans’ were these? These are the fundamental questions addressed, though the lens of the changing seasons, in the pages that follow. But why ask these questions and why should we be interested…
Whatever else people do when they come together—whether they play, fight, make love, or make automobiles—they talk. We live in a world of language. We talk to our friends, our associates, our wives and husbands, our lovers, our teachers, our parents, our rivals, and even our enemies. We talk face-to-face and over all manner of electronic media, and everyone responds with more talk. Hardly a…
The date is 14 October 1066, and the battlefield at Hastings lies bloodied, littered with the remains of Harold II's ruined army, with Harold himself defeated by an arrow to the eye. William the Qongueror has just earned his now-famous title, and more importantly, the crown of England. This is where our story begind - the fascinating tale of Britain's monarchy. In this book you will discover in…
Modeling in 3-D is the process of creating a mathematical representation of an object's surfaces. The resulting model is displayed on your screen as a two-dimensional image. Rhino provides tools for creating, displaying, and manipulating these surfaces. Toolbars contain graphical icons for initiating commands. Many toolbar icons have a second command that you can access by right-clicking the ic…
There are as many ways of looking at art as there are viewers of art. That huge diversity is one indication that we humans are highly distinctive lot of creative people. It does not mean, however that there are no universal principles of perception and cognition that apply to all of us as we view and appreciate art. This tutorial on art is presented in the spirit of trying to find general princ…
Explanations for the onset of the Cold War must begin with World War II. A conflict that ranks, by any conceivable measure, as the most destructive in human history, World War II brought unparalleled levels of death, devastation, privation, and disorder. ‘The conflagration of 1939–1945 was so wrenching, so total, so profound, that a world was overturned,’ notes historian Thomas G. Paterso…
Animal research is part of a complex web of relations made up of humans and animals, practices inside and outside the laboratory, formal laws and professional norms, and social imaginaries of the past and future of medicine. Researching Animal Research sets out an innovative approach for understanding and intervening in the social practices that constitute animal research. It proposes the idea …
The history film has played an exceptionally powerful role in shaping our culture’s understanding of the past, an influence that derives not simply from the cinema’s unequaled ability to re-create the past in a sensual, mimetic form, but also from its striking tendency to arouse critical and popular controversy that resonates throughout the public sphere. American films centered on the past…
Since people who work with clay come from diverse backgrounds and have diverse interests, there are probably as many concepts and views of clay as there are clay mineral species. It is not surprising, therefore, that clay scientists have varied trainings, including geology, mineralogy, chemistry, physics, and biology, and hold different perspectives. The multi-disciplinary nature of clay scienc…
In the early 1980s I was sitting in the coffee shop of the Bali Beach Hotel in Sanur, reflecting on the strange fact that Dutch troops had come ashore nearby, less than 80 years previously, on their way to perpetrate one of the more extraordinary massacres in the history of colonialism. I did not know that the Japanese had also landed in this same area in 1942, or that the Dutch had returned he…
My class was scheduled from ten until noon. Many students came late. Several arrived after 10:30. A few showed up closer to eleven. Two came after that. All of the latecomers wore the relaxed smiles I later came to enjoy. Each one greeted me, and although a few apologized briefly, none seemed terribly concerned about being late. They assumed that I understood. That Brazilians would arrive late …
Readers of this volume will be able to tell from the Introduction andnotes throughout the book how great a debt I owe to many distin-guished scholars past and present. Without them, this work would havebeen impossible. Here I want to express my gratitude to a number ofpeople who have influenced this project more directly. The book isdedicated to David R. Knechtges, wh…
A personal word: many years ago, when we were first developing the United StatesHolocaust Memorial Museum, we struggled with the issue of how to end the perma-nent exhibit. We had come up with an appropriate beginning that would serve thefunction of taking visitors off the National Mall, taking them back what was thenfifty years in time, moving them a continent away and introducing them to a Eu…
What is it like to write poetry right now at this moment in world history? What is it unlike? Or, to avoid comparisons at all, what is poetry now? Fascists and an “alt-right” search for platforms, opposed but not often enough; global warming renders laugh-able our comfortable and anachronistic sense of cyclical change; secular stagnation mocks the entire program of austerity; a fra…
The web has been with us for more than a quarter of a century. It has become a daily and ubiquitous source of information in many peoples’ lives around the globe. But what does it tell us about historical and social change? For a researcher in the twenty-second century, it will seem unimaginable that someone studying the twenty-first c…
Today in the world of 24-hour news, we cannot help but be aware of the brutality and human cost of war. It is difficult to imagine the festive atmosphere of parades and cheering as local regiments marched off to fight in the American Civil War, or even in the early days of World War I. Yet in spite of our lack of illusion about the reality of war, the idea of war still holds an enduring fascina…
The insurance industry safeguards the assets of its policyholders by transferring risk from an individual or business to an insurance company. Insurance companies act as financial intermediaries in that they invest the premiums they collect for providing this service. Insurance company size is usually measured by net premiums written, that is, premium revenues less amounts paid for reinsurance.…
In this book we will be concerned with the basics of the macromolecular interactions that affect cellular processes. The basic tools for such studies are genetics, chemistry, and physics. For the most part, we will be concerned with understanding processes that occur within cells, such as DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and regulation of gene activity. The initial studies of these processes u…
Formerly seen as a menial architectural task, adaptive reuse has come into its own. It is no longer a secret, and certainly no longer a novel idea, that the archi-tecture of adaptive reuse is, in terms of architectural creativity, beauty and impor-tance, in no way inferior to designing and building a brand-new building (Hauke and Werner 2011).Architecture incorporating existing …
The principle of investing in children rarely evokes controversy. However we look at it, to invest in a child is to invest in our common future: The world of tomorrow will inherit the children of today. Whether nations grow and prosper will depend heavily on the survival, health, education and protection of their citizens, particularly the youngest. There are several compelling reasons to inves…
This is the new edition of chemical and process engineers' favorite reference. Previous editions of this authoritative, comprehensive handbook have sold more than 887,000 copies. This Seventh Edition contains 50% new or revised material, including new information on condensers, reboilers, evaporators, and vessels; multicomponent and enhance distillation including azeotropic, extractive, and rea…
Secara universal gambaran mengenai suatu keluarga kerap ditampilkan dalam sebuah simbol di mana para anggota keluarga tampak bergandengan tangan atau saling berdekatan antara satu dengan yang lain. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya harapan akan suatu ikatan dan hubungan yang dekat antar anggota keluarga. Kedekatan hubungan tersebut tentu tidak terjadi secara tiba-tiba melainkan melalui sejumlah inter…
Buku ini memberikan mahasiswa kedokteran dasar-dasar ilmu biokimia dengan cara yang menarik dan relevan. Dalam buku yang ringkas tetapi komprehesif ini, tercakup studi kasus terbaru, diskusi mengenai penyakit-penyakit biokimia dan informasi klinis. * Terdapat pula informasi mengenai keadaan medis yang menjadi prevalensi, mencakup hiperkolesterolemia, obesitas, dan diabetes melitus. * Memberi …
What is Jesuit art?1 A person could answer: objects made by and forJesuits; the decoration of Jesuit churches; or simply the physical remnants of the Society of Jesus, from the confirmation of the order by Pope Paul iii (1468–1549, r.1534–49) on September 27, 1540 to its suppression by Pope Clement xiv (1705–74, r.1769–74) on July 21, 1773. None of these definitions would be wrong, but …
Dalam proses memasukkan suhu, kami menyinggung konsep perpindahan panas yang intuitif.Pada tahap ini, cukup dikatakan bahwa jika dua benda pada suhu yang berbeda dibawa kedalam "kontak termal", proses yang dikenal sebagai konduksi panas dapat terjadi yang memungkinkan energi untuk ditransfer antar benda meskipun benda bertukar tidak peduli dan tidak melakukan apapun pekerjaan mekanis satu sama …