The North East Region (NER) of India, comprising of ‘Seven Sister’ states namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura along with Sikkim holds immense opportunity, resources and unexplored potential when it comes to agriculture and horticulture. This expanse is blessed with stunning biodiversity, optimal agro climatic conditions, water resources, fores…
Women, Business and the Law takes as its starting point that the equal participation of women and men will give every economy a chance to achieve its potential. Equality of opportunity allows women to make the choices that are best for them, their families, and their communities. It is also associated with improved economic outcomes. A significant body of research links reforms and policies aim…
Being a tropical and subtropical crop, citrus can be grown in a belt between 40 °N and 40 °S, except at high elevations. Minimum temperature and its duration time are the limiting growth factors sensitivity depends on variety. Intensive citrus cultivation requires the use of fertilizers, close monitoring and control of pests, diseases and weeds, effective irrigation and control of tree size. …
During this global acceleration, commodity prices rebounded. Copper prices, which are closely linked to the industrial cycle, increased 43 percent between October 2016 and March 2018, more than any other commodity. Oil prices increased 30 percent over the same period (figure 1.2, panel a), providing some relief for energy exporters and recipients of remittances in the eastern part of the region…
Every year, over 5.9 million children die, mostly from preventable or easily treatable diseases, and more than 95% of those deaths occur in developing countries. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age, being responsible for at least 18% of all deaths in this age category (1). In 2010, there were an estimated 120 million episodes of pneumonia in children under 5…
Support for building adequate capacities in the health sector at a national level is particularly needed, given that the health sector both uses mercury and is responsible for diagnosing, treating and preventing the health effects of mercury. The sector’s role in prevention is well recognized, and includes identifying the health effects and sources of exposure to mercury; setting reference le…
Mental health is more than the mere lack of mental disorders. The positive dimension of mental health is stressed in WHO’s definition of health as contained in its constitution: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Concepts of mental health include subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy…
Onion is a herbaceous bulbous plant that is cultivated for bulb production either as biannual or perennial (depending on the cultivation conditions). It is probably originated in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Onions are among the most widely adapted vegetable crops, and they can be grown from the tropics to subarctic regions. World production is nearly 85 million tons of bulbs on so…
Tomato plants are fairly resistant to moderate drought. However, proper management is essential to assure high yield and quality. The water requirement of outdoor grown tomatoes varies between 4000 - 6000 m³/ha. In greenhouses up to 10,000 m3/ha of water are required. 70% or more of the root system are in the upper 20 cm of the soil. Therefore, a drip system equipped with a fertigation device …
Farmed shrimp is among the fastestgrowing food products in the world. In less than two decades, global production has more than tripled from about 1.2 million tons in 2000 to some 4.2 million tons in 2017. As the global population and consumer affluence grow, farm-raised shrimp is becoming an increasingly important source of protein around the world. In the US alone, the average annual consumpt…
The Regional State of the Coral Triangle (RSCT) provides benchmarks on the biophysical, governance, and socioeconomic attributes of the six Coral Triangle countries, also known as CT6—Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste—and the threats, vulnerabilities, and emerging issues in each country and in the CT6 as a collective unit. Using t…
Worldwide, around 79 million ha of rice is grown under irrigated conditions. While this is only half of the total rice area, it accounts for about 75% of the world's annual rice production. In Asia, nearly 60% of the 138 million hectares devoted to rice production annually is irrigated, where rice is often grown in monoculture with two to three crops a year depending upon water availability. Ot…
The cucumber most likely originated in India (south foot of the Himalayas), or possibly Burma, where the plant is extremely variable both vegetatively and in fruit characters. It has been in cultivation for at least 3000 years. From India the plant spread quickly to China, and it was reportedly much appreciated by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Romans used highly artificial methods of growi…
Does the child’s breathing appear to be obstructed? Look at the chest wall movement, and listen to breath sounds to determine whether there is poor air movement during breathing. Stridor indicates obstruction. Is there central cyanosis? Determine whether there is bluish or purplish discoloration of the tongue and the inside of the mouth. Is the child breathing? Look and listen to determine wh…
The Maldives, a chain of 26 coral atolls to India’s southwest, is one of the smallest countries in Asia and the Pacific by population and land area. Its estimated 341,200 people are widely dispersed over 188 inhabited islands across an archipelago more than 800 kilometers long and 130 kilometers wide. The capital city, Malé, is home to one-third of the people, yet has a total land area of le…
This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income pe…
One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat’s hull and equipment in normal position. The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them overlaps both. These terms always apply to boats on the same tack. They apply …
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in delivering health-related interventions that are designed to achieve goals relating to improving maternal and child health, and reducing mortality and illhealth due to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. It is increasingly apparent, however, that the gains have been neither universal nor sufficiently broad-based and sustainable. Progres…
Tekanan terhadap stabilitas sistem keuangan meningkat pada semester I 2018, hal ini tercermin dari peningkatan Indeks Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan (ISSK) dibandingkan semester sebelumnya. Meskipun demikian, ISSK masih berada dalam zona normal. Pelemahan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG), peningkatan yield Surat Berharga Negara (SBN) dan penurunan nilai tukar Rupiah memberikan peningkatan tekanan…
This publication is based on an Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance (TA) implemented by the National Development Planning Agency in Indonesia. The TA was financed by The Netherlands Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility for the project “TA 8432-INO: Improving Water Sector Planning, Management, and Development.” The report aims to disseminate the TA outputs of t…
China’s economic performance over the past 30 years has been remarkable. It is a unique development success story, providing valuable lessons for other countries seeking to emulate this success—lessons about the importance of adapting to local initiative and interregional competition; integrating with the world; adjusting to new technologies; building world-class infrastructure; and investi…
The success story of economic growth in Southeast Asia over the past few decades is well known. It resulted from an outward-looking strategy of export-oriented growth, coupled with openness to foreign direct investment by more developed economies both within Asia and outside, generally market-friendly policies, and extensive investment in infrastructure. It led to deep economic integration of S…