Tobacco has been with mankind for millennia. Yet, its expansion as a trade itemfor personal use dates to the sixteenth century and the arrival of the Europeans to theAmericas. In the twentieth century, scientists concluded that tobacco use is detri-mental to the health of its users. Tobacco has been identified by the World HealthOrganisation (WHO) as one of the four major risk factors that cont…
ocial and behavioral scientists have tended to focus on young people’suse of (both legal and illegal) psychoactive and addictive substances,largely ignoring their use of other kinds of chemicals. There are fourbroad trends in this body of research: one set of studies defines substanceuse as risky behavior, something that needs to be prevented by under-standing the determinants of use. These s…
Technology in policy discourses is frequently cited as pivotal for ameliorating the global ‘crisis’ in care, delivering positive outcomes, and is increasingly part of care provision and arrangements across the world. This Policy Press Short will explore how, in different national contexts, technology is being deployed to contribute to the sustainability of care relationshi…
In the 1980s, Swedish welfare researchers travelled the world to presentthe Scandinavian social democratic model at conferences. The modelrepresented a‘modern’alternative to the market economy and socialism,combining generous benefits and economic equality with high labourforce participation for both women and men. However, the downsidequickly became apparent: high taxes and swelling public…
The post-socialist transformation of CEE can be considered to be one of the greatest developments in modern history. Unexpectedly, a group of countries emerged from an autocratic political system and centrally planned economy and within the space of a single generation was able to build pluralistic democracies and open market economies. Economic development proceeded quickly. Of …
The Eurozone crisis began in late 2009. It followed in the wake of the globalfinancial crisis and quickly developed into one of the most serious economic andpolitical crises in the history of the European Union (EU). Nonetheless, after adecade of unsuccessful attempts to resolve the fundamental structural and insti-tutional issues that underlie the Eurozone’s problems, a long-term reform that…
Mr. Wang died of cancer at the Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Chinese Medicine during the wee hours of the morning on December 14, 2014. He was eighty-four years old and had been at the hospital for almost two weeks. Before coming to the hospital, he saw a series of doctors about pain in his legs and hips, but checked into the hospital when the pain increased. About five days before his death, a…
The idea behind this book has a long history. It was inspired less by my academic work than by my family life and side jobs. It is the result of living in and moving between urban and rural neighborhoods as a child, teenager, and student. Growing up in the 1980s, my family lived in inner-city Munich; like most families there, we lived in a small apartment. Gentrification has a much longer histo…
he earlier perception of isolation of south Tetun was further strengthened by its location between two ‘unfriendly’ groups of people—Halikelen and Mande’u. Travellers who went to Betun or came from Betun to Atambua had to pass through these two places. Halikelen was well known as a place where travellers (on horseback or even by car) would be stopped and forcibly robbed. Man…
Take an average American. We will call her “Jane.” Think about what she may have done yesterday.Jane rose at a time best suited to her schedule for the day so she could walk her dog, get the kids breakfast and off to school, or get to work. Or maybe she was lucky enough to sleep in.She ate a breakfast that conformed to her cravings, or health needs, or budget.She got ready, choosing clothes…
Land undergirds human existence, providing the material conditions for suste-nance, shelter and quality of life. The human past reveals a variety of practices and strategies for land use, given the diversity and instability of environments over time. It is therefore remarkable that land today is classified according to one main characteristic: owne…
In this sense, the February 2018 broadcast should have stood out for its inclu-sion of Africa and Africans, an inclusion that also should have prompted epis-temic questions around whether the inclusion of Africans suggested shifts in China’s own ethno-racial epistemologies of alterity and territory. For instance: Are Africans now Chinese ethnic minorities? How wou…
Clean water and basic energy are needed for a decent life. This is taken for granted by most people in the world. Yet still, in 2018, more than 650 million people lack clean water and around 1,000 million people do not have the electric power that could enable them to light their homes, cook their food and access clean water.This book addresses this issue and claims that th…
Europe’s cities are global leaders. Though they lack the clout that comes with ten million-plus populations or the headquarters of the world’s largest firms, on important international agendas such as cultural production, public health, knowledge and education, and sustainability, the European metropolis leads. Europe’s cities win on many measures of liveability and resilience, and these…
Doctoral education has become a key element of the higher education landscape everywhere. With the spread of higher education massification and the rise of the global knowledge economy that began in the late twentieth century and continues today, doctoral education has expanded tremendously. There have been significant changes in doctoral education worldwide in the twent…
Our story begins in a part- time Doctor in Education (EdD) programme offered at the UCL Institute of Education. It is the beginning of the aca-demic year and a cohort of about 20 students has assembled in a class-room. The students, however, are not from London nor do they live anywhere in the United Kingdom. Instead, they have travelled to the op…
Como todo ser humano, no puedo suponer, sino que soy parte de una conciencia cósmica y, en este sentido, debería decir que soy seguidor de lo que se ha llamado “panpsiquismo”, el cual tendría antecedentes en el pensamiento, que ya viene de Aristóteles (“todo es alma”) y antes todavía, de Heráclito de un logos cósmico universal. A su vez, este último se reca-pitularí…
Since 1948, the study of human rights has been dominated by legal scholarship that has sought to investigate the development of human rights law, emerging jurisprudence, regional systems, the decisions and recommendations of human rights mechanisms and institutions and to a lesser extent the ‘compliance gaps’ between state commitments and actions. Even so, in all of these spheres there are …
Freedom of speech is a fundamental human right and conside-red a core value in liberal democracies. However, it is also one of our time’s most contested issues, constantly claimed either to be too wide-ranging, allowing continuous repression of minority groups, or too limited – restricting dissent and democratic deli-beration. In this book we depart from conventional approaches to fr…
The history curriculum is never static. It is the result of an ongoing relationship between the present and the past. What is selected for study, as well as what is omitted, reflects the priorities and concerns of the present. This chapter presents a brief disciplinary history, highlighting the changing, and persisting, priorities from the nineteenth c…
Should we talk? This book treats this question, and many others, as beingempirical in nature: if we were to live through a given situation in 1000 par-allel lives, where in one half we talked and in the other half we didn’t talk,in which of the halves would we fare better?The results of such a thought experiment vary betweenRachel,Dimitri,andSteve– or any other conversation that we may ex…
The story behind this book has its origins in some work that I began in 1981, with a group of students classed as requiring ‘Special Education’ – that is to say, students who had spent more than three years in school, but had still not learned to read or write. The events took place at a public school, the Escola Paula Brito, in the Rocinha favela of Rio de Janeiro.I had a…
Climate change education and climate change communication share sim-ilar goals and desired outcomes, and their definitions reflect these similari-ties. Climate change education, or climate change environmental education, encompasses a range of “interdisciplinary learning opportunities that people of all ages need to develop the competencies, disposi…
Whether a proposition is established depends on prior evidence. Prior evidence must warrant not only sufficiently high confidence in the truth of the proposition, but also high confidence that further evidence will not call the proposition into question, i.e., that confidence in the proposition will remain sufficiently high in the light of new evidence. We can refer to these as the ‘threshold…
Maya Puspa steps out of her home and salon with confidence and grace, narrowly avoiding the puddles that have transformed her lane into a muddy track. She smiles, arching her thin, penciled-on eyebrows as she turns to a group of elderly men gathered over a chessboard. It is her evening walk and, cheerily greeting the men, Maya strides out of her lane and onto a city street. Maya li…
With the signing in 2016 of the Amsterdam Pact1, the EU Member States committed to an Urban Agenda designed to encourage and promote integrated planning and development in pursuit of a more sustainable and equitable settlement pattern. The Urban Agenda acknowledges the significant role that cities have played in Europe’s development following the industrial revolution. It also recognises the …
In a 2017 speech, Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe declared that the Confederate monuments should be removed because they helped to keep racism alive in present-day institutions and attitudes. President Donald Trump, for his part, argued that those attempting to remove the monu-ments were seeking to rewrite history in order to remove all traces of ideas with whi…
Many people have grown up, lived, worked and died on Indian tea plantations. Although a small number have left in search of a better life elsewhere, they have often been replaced by their relatives. However, most workers have not experienced a life outside the plantations, which have cocooned their families for generations. Therefore, when long-standing owners be…
About 25 years after Francis Fukuyama proclaimed the ‘end of history’, ideological and strategic competition between democracies and autocra-cies has firmly reentered international relations. The rise of China has fuelled debates about the economic performance of authoritarian regimes compared with democratic ones (Zhao 2010; Acemoglu and Robinson 2012). Ques…
To better understand why the NGOs walked out of the meeting on that day, it is necessary to understand the nature of the Kimberley Process, an organisation that was established to tackle the issue of conflict diamonds, also known as blood diamonds. Blood diamonds constitute a segment of the rough diamond trade that is linked to egregious …
ato san from Japan is a 90-year-old master of flower arrangement (ike-bana). She is still practising and also teaches her traditional craft from her Kyoto home. In the three years since she obtained a smartphone, it has become central to her work and life. Sato san arranges her students’ lessons via the messaging application LINE, on which she has over 100 …
With an increasing number of African countries having discovered com-mercially viable quantities of oil and gas in recent years, including, for example, Kenya, Chad, Ghana and Uganda, there is both excitement and trepidation about the prospects for increased incomes and investments, economic growth and development on the continent. This is due to compara-tive historical evidence of the link bet…
After the Arab Uprisings in 2010–2011, which saw one authoritarian regime after the other toppled across the region, questions about the causes and consequences of civil society in transitional settings have acquired a new salience. Especially in the Arab world, the role of Muslim civil societies in fostering the democratization process has focused on the minds of scholars (Bozzo and Luizard …
Knowledge has been the focal concept in this book series. Beyond the many con-ceptualizations of and ascriptions to this term, knowledge denotes the human under-standing of concrete and abstract phenomena of the world in which we live. Human understanding differs from data and information in that it is built and rests in peo-ple’s minds. Whereas bits of data or parcels of commodity …
Coastal history has been a reference point in maritime, harbor, and naval history, coastal urban history and interdisciplinary marine studies,4but it is only in the last twenty years that climate change has stimulatedenvironmental humanities5practitioners to focus on water, sustainable management of its resources, and multidisciplinary studies.6 In the pro…
In general, I distinguish between four models of the kind of text gener-ally (in publishing and reviews) classified as “family memoirs”. As with all forms of literature, there are no definitive barriers between the forms I clas-sify as distinct. Part of my interest in contemporary auto/biographical writ-ing lies in how writers continually open up possibilities for self-representation throug…
Longstanding residents—members of formerly migrant groups whose families had been in Marshall for over a generation—often told stories that compared their own families’ migrant histories with Mexican migrants’. Many of these stories described similarities between the narrators’ migrant ancestors and contemporary Mexicans. In the passage above …
It was a damp morning during the summer of 2009 in Guatemala when Lola1climbed up a steep path with her eldest daughter and myself to collect ripe maca-damia nuts from her small parcel of land. During a short break, and with a view over the community houses, smoke billowing from their hearths, she points to a small piece of land where the cemetery lies. She tells me that her grandp…
For the Maya, the landscape in which they live, the k’aax (forest), has a moral ecology. It is the place where they feel “at home in the world,” where they are situated in an everyday engagement with their environment. It is also where their history, identity, spiritual beliefs, communion with other species, and ulti-mately their survival are rooted. The ethnic boundary that t…
On June 3, 1992, presidential hopeful Bill Clinton performed a saxo-phone rendition of Elvis Presley’s “Heartbreak Hotel” on The Arsenio Hall Show.1 In doing so, he aligned himself with perhaps the most recogniz-able music celebrity of all time—a cultural icon whom rock critic Greil Marcus described as “the country’s most extreme embodiment o…
n July 2016, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded my proposal to develop “visual case studies” to highlight institutions and their approaches, with the hope that insights into their successes would be valuable for anyone interested in the evolving story of higher education. I invited seven leaders from the Frontier Set to participate in our research so we could highlight their unique …
Although many music education policies outline an explicit agenda for diversity,little attention has been paid to the complex situations that arise when negotiatingdiversity in practice.The Politics of Diversity in Music Educationaims to remedythis knowledge gap by critically attending to the ways in which difference ispromoted, represented, negotiated, navigated, contained, or challenged in va…
The nineteenth century witnessed a series of revolutions in the production, circulation, and reproduction of images. Thanks to changes in printing and imaging technology and shifts in the practices of artists, publishers, and photographers, images became more readily available, in a wider range of media than ever before. Working in the new field of lithography,…
The world is rapidly urbanizing. With around 55 per cent of the world’s 7.63 billion people living in urban areas (United Nations, 2019) we are facing conditions of “planetary urbanism” (Friedmann, 2016) and “planetary urbanization” (Brenner & Schmid, 2012; Swyngedouw & Kaika, 2014). The global urban population is expected to grow by 2.5 billion between 2018 and…
Oral History at a Distance is the first publication to explore both the ideas behind and application of oral history in remote projects. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, working from a distance is now an ongoing and necessary approach in the oral historian’s toolkit. In this volume, the experienced team members of Baylor University’s Institute for Oral History provide a road map for adapting tr…
This book is about white working-class American men who opposed social democratic labor unions and politics in the century that culminated in the New Deal. It follows five generations of miners who, beginning in the 1850s, discovered and developed a rich swath of zinc and lead that straddled the boundaries between Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. By the 1920s, the Tri-State district le…
Sometimes animals surprise us by doing something that seems uncannily human-like.Marmosets (South American monkeys of the family Callitrichidae) are tiny, weighing only around 300–400g, and though they are primates they look entirely unlike humans, perhaps even a little more like squirrels. However, like humans they form pair bonds, and collaborate in childcare…
Rice straw is a residual byproduct of rice production at harvest. The total biomass of this residue depends on various factors such as varieties, soils and nutrient man-agement and weather. At harvest, rice straw is piled or spread in the field depending on the harvesting methods, using stationary threshers or self-propelled combine harvesters, respectively. The amount of rice straw t…
In recent years, the emergent field of critical infrastructure studies has turned to interdisciplinary analysis of infrastruc-tures as complex worldmaking systems: They produce shared space and time, connect cultures and subjectivities, negotiate power relations, inequalities, or the mediation and circulation of material agency.1 Infrastructures often appear as networks of media technologies th…
Few studies have addressed recent emigration from European countries. The refu-gee crisis and migratory pressure have helped keep academic attention over the last few decades focused on immigration, asylum, reception and integration in Europe. However, these dynamics promoting entries into European countries coexist with other fairly significant dynamics promoting departures fro…