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E-book Physics of Light and Optics
The various multidimensional derivatives take on more complicated forms in non-Cartesian coordinates such as cylindrical or spherical. You can derive the Laplacian for these other coordinate systems by changing variables and rewriting the unit vectors starting from the above Cartesian expression. Throughout this book we will often encounter sets of linear equations. (They are called linear equations because they represent lines in a plane or in space.) Most often, there are just two equations with two variables to solve.
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