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E-book Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes
Environmentalists today worry about a newly felt sense of impermanence around places in which we live, arguing that we live in archipelagic, discon-nected dwelling places in a time of increasing travel, migration across and among continents, and the construction of mass-market ‘non-spaces’ (Buell 2005: 63) such as fast-food joints and airports, indistinguishable one from another. Ecologists insist on the importance of seeing the environment not as a static background for human actions but as a system in f lux. Post-colonial theorists point to the problems with treating not only places but also humans themselves as ‘resources’ for the fulf illment of other people’s desires.These may seem modern responses to modern problems. But Old English poems already convey a sense of place as impermanent, threatened by natural forces, by human acts of war, and by acts of God. The colonizing seizure of land that is interpreted simultaneously as both unoccupied and as occupied only by demons coexists in the surviving corpus of Old English texts with animals and trees defying domination by human enemies.
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