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E-book Drones and Support for the Use of Force
Political leaders face two key challenges when they decide to use mili-tary force: winning the war itself, and winning support at home. In the past two decades, the United States has pursued a technological solution to these problems by developing combat drones—weapons that can both selectively target opponents and minimize the costs and risks of combat. In this book, we seek to understand how this solution to the challenge of military victory also addresses the need for public support for engaging in conflict.Combat drones have been employed by the United States against in-surgent and terrorist groups. These militant organizations are materially weaker than the governments they fight. Their relative weakness leads them to avoid direct military confrontations and to use the civilian popu-lation to mask their identities, attempting to pass as noncombatants by eschewing uniforms and by residing in populated areas. A key challenge that authorities face in countering insurgencies is solving this “identifica-tion” problem of distinguishing bona fide militants from civilians. Doing so allows the authorities to bring to bear their superior military power. But failure to correctly identify militants means that strikes risk military casualties, mission failure, and civilian harm. This is not only unfortunate but counterproductive, as militants can use their opponent’s failure and the deaths of noncombatants to persuade the population that the authori-ties are indiscriminate and unjust, while the militants can offer protection today and the promise to replace the government in the future.
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