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E-book Mother Earth, Mother Africa and Theology
he Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians encourages young theologians to reflect on African women’s liberation in a way that is consistent with the cultures, narratives and histories of Africa. This book, initiated by the Circle, is the culmination of research conducted by women and men with the aim to present new readings on women, Earth and theology. Creation and Earth take centre stage as the work deliberately steers away from dominant anthropocentric interpretations of the relationship between human beings and the earth that sustains them. Throughout the ages and in many cultures, woman and the Earth have been closely associated, often to the detriment of both. The book explores the negative and positive aspects of this association. It concludes that humanity and the Earth can only survive and flourish if all human beings assume the responsibility of justice and care for all of God’s creation.In Part 1, the theme of ‘Creation, the Trinity and Mother Africa’ is explored in two chapters.In Chapter 1,‘When women and Earth connect: African ecofeminist or ecowomanist theology?’,Sinenhlanhla S. Chisale introduces the methodological underpinnings of the book that draws from African ecofeminist theology and African ecowomanist theology to ‘reimagine human relationships with the Earth from paradigms of liberation’. Defining African ecofeminist and ecowomanist theologies, she describes how African women theologians negotiate their eco-theologies in describing the women–nature relationship. African women theologians use African ecofeminist theology interchangeably with the African ecowomanist theology, acknowledging the fact that the struggle of nature and African women’s domination is collective. Acknowledging the fact that women are not homogenous, they describe how their theologies are unique from those of African American women and women of other races by emphasising the women–nature interdependence to the community, particularly the partnership between men and women and solidarity by men and women from other privileged groups.In Chapter 2, ‘Mother Earth in theological perspective: A sacramental unveiling’, Rozelle Robson Bosch searches for a new language to articulate the sanctity of Mother Earth for whom God has a restorative vision. In this chapter, the Trinity is not seen in traditional terms as ‘three persons’, but rather as God who is present to the created order through the Cross. With a uniquely feminine grammar of the Cross, Christ is depicted as the mother who carries Africa in her womb. The Cross symbolises the reality of both suffering and restoration. In this theology of wholeness, the restoration of the Earth is grounded in Christ. The whole of the created order should flourish. It is not only or firstly about the salvation of human beings. This vision rests on the relation of the created order to Christ, and of Christ to the Trinity. Insights of Julian of Norwich are utilised in this African women’s hermeneutic. Her understanding of the Trinity and vision of Christ’s wounds form the point of departure for this reflection on Mother Earth in Christ.In Chapter 3, ‘Earth-centred Trinitarian models: The Trinitarian synergy and symbiosis in the creation narrative’, Kelebogile T. Resane utilises the creation story to explain an Earth-centred rather than human-centred theological point of departure. Creation was already there when the Trinity conferred among themselves about the creation of human beings. The management of creation by human beings should be in symbiotic and synergistic cooperation with God. Partnership between God and humanity is essential to the sustainability of creation. The implication is that human beings are fully involved in the process of redemption. He suggests that eco-hermeneutical anthropogenesis should replace anthropocentric hermeneutics – human beings are both central to and interdependent with nature. Human beings and nature can grow and flourish if they serve each other in a responsible way. Theology of Mother Earth and ecofeminist theologies redefine the human relationship with the Earth. The Earth, which has always sustained human beings, is now in dire need of healing. Resane calls for ecological stewardship to promote justice and shalom for all of God’s creation.
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