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E-book Early Settlers of the Insular Caribbean: Dearchaizing the Archaic
This volume is a result of the New Insights into the Archaic of the Circum-Caribbeansession that we chaired at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in Orlando, Florida, in April 2016. The session was organized in the context of the Island Networks project supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-gr. nr. 360-62-060) and the Synergy project NEXUS1492 which received funding from the European Research Council un-der the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) (gr. nr. 319209). The session assembled a large number of prominent researchers and colleagues who, over the past decennia, have been applying novel theoretical ap-proaches and state-of-the-art methods and techniques to interpreting the deep past of the insular Caribbean Archaic Age (Figure 1.1).We opted not to strive to include the earliest developments on every single island of the Caribbean archipelago, but instead to present a broader regional and topical focus. While designing the session, we also realized that – aided by sophisticated techniques and with the development of new theoretical trends in long-term perspectives on hu-man ecodynamics, multidimensional approaches to biocultural evolution, and syner-gies between modellers and paleoecologists, among others – research on the early set-tlers of the insular Caribbean has become increasingly interdisciplinary and informed by the realization that humans are not passive adaptors to their environment. Rather, they creatively shape and re-shape their landscape and islandscape, while being simul-taneously molded by dynamic biological, sociocultural and environmental feedback. Concomitantly with these theoretical shifts, the approaches to uncovering the origins of the Archaic Age indigenous populations, their mobility and exchange, and modes of life have also been transformed. No longer are these transitional processes perceived as having been caused by single “revolutionary” events, but as multistranded trajectories depending on combinations of economic, social, and ideological phenomena. With the notable exception of impactful natural catastrophic events such as tsunamis, hur-ricanes or volcanic eruptions, these processes have been liberated by researchers from their dependency on propitious environmental conditions, and from the previously inseparable co-phenomena of sedentarism, domestication, pottery making, and the hierarchization of social organization. These approaches have also been changed by the negation of any clear-cut distinction between foragers’ and farmers’ modes of living and of viewing the world.
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