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E-book Animal Emotions : How They Drive Human Behavior
Uually, our emotions are strongly controlled. Therefore, we seldom experience situations of raw affect, where emotions simply overwhelm us. This is basically a good thing, because controlling our ancestral emotional urges helps us to respond more appropriately to most of the daily situational demands of our modern society. It is simply not acceptable to always show an emotional response in every given situation. But, from time to time, there are events that can derail us, and we might exhibit something close to raw affect. To illustrate the different strengths and visibility of our operating emotional systems in everyday life, let’s consider two situations with different levels of emotional regulation. In the first scenario, imagine yourself talking with a colleague at work and you hear that they got a promotion you also wanted. Hearing about the promotion is accompanied by an unpleasant angry feeling. You begin to feel your heart pumping faster and a pit in your stomach. As you register these unpleasant sensations, you become aware that you are angry and envious and that you think your colleague’s promotion is not fair. You did a much better job! For a moment you are stunned. Nevertheless, you control your emotions so that they are not outwardly visible to others.In the second scenario, imagine that a close friend or fam-ily member has died. You are sitting in front of the computer; the desk is piled with work and you are flooded with grief. You are shaken; you simply feel bad. You can’t concentrate and it’s impossible to work. You feel so miserable that you begin crying, an outwardly visible expression of your emotion.In both examples, an external situation of evolutionary sig-nificance activated “built-in” (strongly genetically anchored) dis-tinct emotional systems, triggering a raw emotion without fur-ther need for cognitive labeling (or construction of an emotion). In the context of the first example, where your colleague got a promotion, you were passed over for the opportunity to receive a limited resource, resulting in angry, envious feelings. In the early times of our species, Homo sapiens and their ancestors, this anger response could have led you to fight for at least part of the prey.
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