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E-book The Sustainability of Meat and Cured Meats in Italy : Nutritional Aspect, Food Safety, Environmental Impact, Animal Welfare, Circular Economy, Fight Against Waste
THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MEAT I 13The Mediterranean Diet is the result of millennia of exchanges of food and cul-tures between people from all the coun-tries bordering the Mediterranean basin. This model, known to be one of the health-iest and most balanced, in the twentieth century has characterised the eating hab-its of the inhabitants of the Mediterrane-an region, originally based on agricultural and rural models.The Mediterranean nutritional modelforesees the consumption of all foods, without any exclusion and suggests a high intake of vegetables, legumes, fresh and dried fruit, olive oil and cereals (mostly wholemeal); a moderate consumption of fish, dairy products (especially cheese and yogurt), meat and occasionally sweets. For this reason, it must be seen as a model in which no single nutrient or food should predominate, but the overall effect of diet. Not surprisingly, the bene-fits of the Mediterranean Diet are due to the synergistic combinations of the nutri-ents and protective substances contained in the foods, to an adequate daily intake of energy and water and the practice of physical activity in order to maintain a healthy physical and mental state. Other strengths of the Mediterranean model are the consumption of traditional and local food products, the preference for wholemeal grains and unsaturated fats, seasonality and food biodiversity. Starting from the first definition of the Mediterranean Diet, made after the Sec-ond World War by the scientist Ancel Ben-jamin Keys who first highlighted how car-diovascular diseases in Italy, Spain and Crete were almost unknown compared to the disturbing levels already reached at that time in the United States, and that such a low rate was due to the different eating habits of those countries1, many examples of graphical representation of the Mediterranean nutritional mod-el followed. With one objective always: make communication simple and edu-cate people. After the recognition of the same Mediterranean Diet as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNES-CO in 20102, and taking into consideration global interest, the Mediterranean Diet Foundation and its International Scien-tific Committee have developed in 20113a position of consensus, by presenting a new pyramid with which scientists hoped to contribute to a better adherence to this healthy nutritional model and the Medi-terranean basin lifestyle.
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