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E-book Contemporary Debates in Bioethics: European Perspectives

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Penilaian

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Humans have always had the ability to influence the genetic makeup of their children. Individuals who wanted tall and attractive children, for instance, could find tall and attractive partners to reproduce with, thereby raising the probability that their progeny would be tall and attractive. However, until very recently, this power was limited. Individuals were often not lucky enough to have a wide range of sexual partners to choose from. Even if they did, there was no guarantee that their children would inherit the traits that were desired.The past few decades have seen a rapid increase in the power of parents to influence the genetic makeup of their children. Since the 1990s, a range of biotechnology tools have been available, which give parents some degree of control over the genetic makeup of their children. Such technologies are rapidly expanding. In April 2015, it was announced that the gene editing (GE) technique, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), had been used to make edits in human embryos for the first time. The study was conducted in China on the disease beta thalassemia – with mixed success (Liang et al. 2015). In February 2016, the UK became the first country to officially approve GE research in human embryos. The decision means experiments in which the genes of embryos are manipulated will likely begin in the UK in 2017 (Callaway 2016).The development of GE has been marred by controversy. Some public interest groups, including the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), have called for an international ban on any GE research in human embryos. The US-based National Institutes of Health maintained that performing such research would cross “a line that should not be crossed” (Collins 2015, 1). The major scientific journals Nature and Science have published commentaries, which call for this research to be strongly discouraged or stopped altogether (Lanphier et al. 2015; Baltimore et al. 2015).While GE is controversial, other techniques that allow parents to influence the genetic makeup of their children are relatively common. Sperm banks and egg donation websites allow women and couples to pick and choose between different gamete donors based on a range of characters – and then create a child through in vitro fertilization (IVF) or artificial insemination. In the US alone, between 30,000 and 60,000 children are born through sperm donation each year and >8,000 from egg donation (Sabatello 2015).

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

170 GYN c

Penerbit

Berlin : De Gruyter., 2019

Deskripsi Fisik

187 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783110571219

Klasifikasi

170

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Ethics, Moral Philosophy

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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