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E-book Anne Frank’s Tree : Nature’s Confrontation with Technology, Domination, and the Holocaust
Trees can also be tied to the idea of domination. I have long argued that the process of ecological restoration, in which a kind of environ-mental engineering attempts the re-creation of previously degraded or destroyed natural environments, is an example of the human project to assert our technological mastery over the autonomous processes of the natural world.1 The management of forests for human purposes—whether these purposes are economic, aesthetic, environmental, or spiritual—is a type of domination. Whatever the situation, humans are imposing their wills onto the natural world to effect a change or produce a result that will achieve human goals. Thus, even the obviously eco-friendly or green activity of planting trees as part of the project of sustainable development can be conceived as the human attempt to dominate and control the natural world.Nature, however, is perfectly capable of dominating humanity. The most cogent example, perhaps, is the weather, especially the extreme storms and abnormal temperatures that have been visited on many parts of the world in recent years: not only the devastation caused in New York and New Jersey by Hurricane Sandy but also the violent tornado-producing rainstorms in the American mid-west, the cruelly freezing winter of 2011–2012 in Eastern Europe, and the East African drought of 2011–2012, the worst in sixty years. Even before Sandy, I have wit-nessed damaging coastal storms that attacked Fire Island, close to my home, and I have considered these acts of nature to be akin to human aggression and imperialism.2 But the power of nature can also heal the wounds produced by human activity. Consider the trees that grew in the Jewish cemetery of Warsaw, essentially unattended for decades after the Second World War—trees that I will discuss in the next chapter. I have seen how these trees grew into a forest over the gravestones and unmarked mass graves.3 The natural growth of these trees in that place can begin to teach us about the essence of human evil and its relationship to the healing power of nature.
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