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E-book Freshwater Microplastics : Emerging Environmental Contaminants?

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Penilaian

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Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the deposition of a complex combination ofmaterials in lake sediments, including synthetic polymers (plastics) that differgreatly from the Holocene signatures. Accordingly, plastics are considered oneindicator of the Anthropocene [1]. Plastic has for some time been known to be amajor component of riverine pollution [2–6], and plastic degradation products havebeen noted as a potential issue for soil environments [7]. However, up until recentlythe main focus of research on plastic pollution has been the marine environment. Tohighlight this, a literature search on Thomson Reuters’ISI Web of Science returns1,228 papers containing the term‘microplastic*’, of which only a subset of 45 publi-cations (3.7%) contains the term‘freshwater’. This has started to change in recentyears, and attention is now also been directed towards both the terrestrial [8,9] andfreshwater environments [8,10,11]. These publications point out the lack of know-ledge for freshwater and terrestrial environments in terms of the occurrence andimpacts of plastics debris.Monitoring studies have quantified microscopic plastics debris, so-called micro-plastics (MPs), in freshwater systems, including riverine beaches, surface watersand sediments of rivers, lake, and reservoirs [12–19]. Although far less data isavailable compared to marine systems, these studies highlight that MP is ubiquitousand concentrations are comparable [20]. Alongside the monitoring data, ecotoxico-logical studies have mainly explored MP ingestion by various species and theireffects on life history parameters [21–24]. While the majority of studies usedprimary microspheres of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) at high concen-trations [25] over short-term exposures, there is some evidence that MPs may pose arisk to freshwater ecosystems [26]. In addition, there is concern that long-termexposure may lead to bioaccumulation of submicron particles with wider impli-cations for environmental health [27–29].This chapter provides an overview of MPs and the issues, which may be ofconcern to freshwater environments. The first section provides a background to thetopic of discussion by describing and defining plastic materials, MPs, emergingcontaminants. Subsequent sections then discuss the potential input, fate and trans-portation, effects, and potential risk management options for plastics and MPs infreshwater environments.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

551.9 LAM f

Penerbit

: Springer Nature.,

Deskripsi Fisik

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Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783319616155

Klasifikasi

551.9

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Geochemistry

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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