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E-book Advances in Aquatic Invertebrate Stem Cell Research : From Basic Research to Innovative Applications

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Penilaian

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Currently, the origins ofin vitrocell lines are highly biased towards humans.Around 75% of the total number of established cell lines are from Hominidae origin(96,862/128,799) and over 97% are of mammalian origin (126,033/128,799) (Bairoch2018) (Figure 1). However, mammals represent only 0.4% (1.3% when excluding theInsecta taxon) of the extant identified metazoan evolution (Zhang 2013; Wilson andReeder 2011; Chapman 2009) (Figure 1). In addition to the scientific interest relativeto their sheer diversity, non-mammalian cells have multiple potential applications,including as a source for bio-active molecules or as assays for eco-toxicologicaltests (e.g., Ribeiro et al. 2018; Rosner et al. 2021). Yet, with over 500 publicationson aquatic invertebrate cell culture alone (Figure 1), the current limited number ofinvertebrate cell lines does not result from a lack of attempts at cultivating these cellsbut most likely from inappropriate techniques to cultivate these cells (reviewed in Rinkevich 2005; Yoshino et al. 2013; Cai and Zhang 2014). As exemplified in insects, abreakthrough in culturing conditions (Grace 1962) initiated the emergence of a hugevariety of cell lines (Bairoch 2018) (895 cell lines from 104 genera in around 50 years).There is thus a need for a sustained research effort in non-insect invertebrate cellculture to identify adequate culturing conditions and promote the establishment ofcell lines. In particular, aquatic invertebrates as a whole show the largest biodiversityand the widest phylogenetic radiation on Earth but have currently contributed toonly six cell lines. Cell lines have been established through two main strategies (Cai and Zhang2014; Rinkevich 2011): either by the isolation of proliferating and self-renewing cells,typically from an embryonic (Hansen 1979) or cancerous origin (Scherer 1953), or byimmortalizing proliferating cells, typically through mutagenesis (Earle et al. 1943) ortransfection (Russell et al. 1977). Both strategies thus require, at least transiently, aproliferating primary cell culture. The long-term culture (up to 22 months) of cellsfrom various aquatic invertebrate phyla has been achieved by using a variety ofculturing environments (Rinkevich and Rabinowitz 1993; Daugavet and Blinova 2015;Chen and Wang 1999; Kingsley et al. 1987). However, most of thesein vitroprimarycultures show an apparently ubiquitous cellular quiescence within three days thatleads to an absence of proliferation within 1–4 weeks of primary culture (Rinkevich2011; Cai and Zhang 2014). Yet, transient proliferation events, limited to a subsetof acclimated cells, are persistently recorded across most marine invertebrate taxa~2–4 weeks after the establishment of primary cultures at high seeding density fromlarval or regenerating adult tissue. For instance, DNA synthesis and mitosis havebeen observed both in primary cultures of explanted ectodermal tissue monolayers of regeneratingNematostella vectensis(Rabinowitz et al. 2016), as well as in dissociatedcell culture from regenerating tentacles ofAnemonia viridis(Ventura et al. 2018),and dividing cells have been reported in primary culture of regenerating tissues ofApostichopus japonicus(Odintsova et al. 2005). The only established mollusc cell line,Bge, was initiated from the long-term culture of embryonic tissue of the freshwatersnailBiomphalaria glabrata(Hansen 1979). Taken together, these results suggest thata key to setting efficient primary cultures are to use tissue with high proliferationcapacity, potentially due to the presence of stem-like cells. Conveniently, aquaticinvertebrates display a variety of asexual reproduction, aging and regenerationphenomena (Figure 1) that indicate high cellular plasticity, cellular proliferation anda likely involvement of stem-like cells (Bely and Nyberg 2010; Slack 2017; Bodnar2009; Tomczyk et al. 2015; Rinkevich et al. 2022.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

571.6 SAL a

Penerbit

Belgium : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

399 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783036516356

Klasifikasi

571.6

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Cell Biologi, Cytology

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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