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E-book Brain Computations and Connectivity

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Penilaian

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The subject of this book is how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential toknowwhatis computed by different brain systems; andhowthe computations are performed.The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and todescribe current computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systemscomputes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understandingourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are tothe treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit fromknowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. Thisbook is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to considerwhatis computedby many of our brain systems; andhowit is computed.To understand how our brains work, it is essential to knowwhatis computed in eachpart of the brain. That can be addressed by utilising evidence relevant to computation frommany areas of neuroscience. Knowledge of the connections between different brain areas isimportant, for this shows that the brain is organised as systems, with whole series of brainareas devoted for example to visual processing. That provides a foundation for examiningthe computation performed by each brain area, by comparing what is represented in a brainarea with what is represented in the preceding and following brain areas, using techniquesof for example neurophysiology and functional neuroimaging. Neurophysiology at the singleneuron level is needed because this is the level at which information is transmitted betweenthe computing elements of the brain, the neurons. Evidence from the effects of brain damage,including that available from neuropsychology, is needed to help understand what differentparts of the system do, and indeed what each part is necessary for. Functional neuroimagingis useful to indicate where in the human brain different processes take place, and to showwhich functions can be dissociated from each other. So for each brain system, evidence onwhat is computed at each stage, and what the system as a whole computes, is essential.To understand how our brains work, it is also essential to knowhoweach part of the braincomputes. That requires a knowledge of what is represented and computed by the neuronsin each part of the brain, but it also requires knowledge of the network properties of eachbrain region. This involves knowledge of the connectivity between the neurons in each partof the brain, and knowledge of the synaptic and biophysical properties of the neurons. Italso requires knowledge of the theory of what can be computed by networks with definedc onnectivity. There are at least three key goals of the approaches described here. One is to understandourselves better, and how we work and think. A second is to be better able to treat the sys-tem when it has problems, for example in mental illnesses. Medical applications are a veryimportant aim of the type of research described here. A third goal, is to be able to emulateand learn from the operation of parts of our brains, which some in the field of artificial intel-ligence (AI) would like to do to produce more useful computers and machines. All of thesegoals require, and cannot get off the ground, without a firm foundation in what is computedby brain systems, and theories and models of how it is computed. To understand the operation of the whole brain, it is necessary to show how the different brain systems operate together:but a necessary foundation for this is to know what is computed in each brain system.Part of the enterprise here is to stimulate new theories and models of how parts of the brainwork. The evidence on what is computed in different brain systems has advanced rapidly inthe last 50 years, and provides a reasonable foundation for the enterprise, though there ismuch that remains to be learned. Theories of how the computation is performed are less ad-vanced, but progress is being made, and current models are described in this book for manybrain systems. Before further advances are made, knowledge of the considerable current evi-dence on how the brain computes provides a useful stating point, especially as current theoriesdo take into account the limitations that are likely to be imposed by the neural architecturespresent in our brains.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

152 ROL b

Penerbit

London : Oxford University Press., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

1174 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9780198887911

Klasifikasi

152

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Sensory Perception, Movement, Emotions, Physiologi

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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