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E-book Inorganic Constituents in Soil : Basics and Visuals

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Penilaian

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Concentrations of more than 50 soil elements can now be determined by atomicabsorption photometry, X-rayfluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry, and other techniques (Yamasaki1996, Takeda et al.2004). Concentrations of the major soil elements, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Ti,and P, are frequently measured. Other major elements, O, H, C, N, S, F, and Cl, existin soils as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, sulfides,fluorides,chlorides, and other compound forms depending on the soil properties. The majorelements in soil organic matter are C, N, S, O, and H.The major essential elements for plants are C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, andS. Plants also require trace amounts of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, and Cl (Fig.1.1)(Marshner1995). Ni is another essential trace element for plants (Asher1991), and Si and Na are beneficial to some plants. In agricultural plant production, it is essentialto provide these elements to plants in appropriate amounts from the viewpoints ofboth economics and environmental conservation. Excessive application, especiallyof N and P, must be avoided because these elements cause eutrophication problemswhen released into rivers, lakes, or bays.Essential elements for animals include F, Cr, Co, Se, and I (Nielsen1984;Haenleina and Ankeb2011). For example, animals in New Zealand have beenreported as Co deficient in the case that their animal feeds were produced inCo-deficient soil (Lee1974).When present in appropriate abundances, the essential and beneficial elements insoil confer positive effects on ecosystem services. In contrast, excessive concentra-tions of Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Zn, Cr, and other heavy metals in soils are detrimental toecosystem health. Excessive concentrations of labile Al (Adams1984) and Ni havenegative effects on sensitive plants. This monograph serves two purposes. Accompanied by visual aids, itfirst introducesthe simplified fundamentals of inorganic soil constituents for students of soil scienceand interested researchers in other disciplines. Scientific information pertaining toinorganic soil constituents has become increasingly important as concern for theenvironment has increased. The second purpose of the monograph is to update topicson non-crystalline inorganic soil constituents, the effects of redox reactions, and theeffects of disasters on the inorganic constituents of soil. These topics appear in thelatter chapters.Many complete texts and references about minerals in soil are already available(Dixon and Weed1989; Dixon and Schulze2002; Huang et al.2012; Deer et al.2013). These materials systematically describe the crystallography, properties, for-mation, and occurrence of the mineral constituents and are recommended for further study.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

543.5 MAS i

Penerbit

Singapore : Springer Nature., 2018

Deskripsi Fisik

188 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789811312144

Klasifikasi

543.5

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Optical Spectroscopy, Spectrum Analysis

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

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