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E-book Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate : Change Sustainable Management

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Penilaian

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The boreal forest is a vast biome encompassing approximately one-third (30%) of the world’s forest area. It harbors about half of the world’s remaining natural and near-natural forests and provides important ecological, economic, social, and cultural services and values that benefit human communities (Burton et al., 2010; Gauthier et al., 2015a). Although the diversity of tree species in boreal forests is low rela-tive to that of other biomes, the forests’ structural and compositional variability and the diversity of ecological interaction networks are high (Burton, 2013; Isaev, 2012, 2013; Kuuluvainen & Siitonen, 2013). The genetic diversity of tree species is gener-ally high with most species being wind pollinated and characterized by large popu-lation sizes; this genetic diversity provides a foundation for an adaptive capacity in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions and ongoing climate change (Aitken et al., 2008). Landscape diversity in the boreal biome reflects the influence of site variation, the effect of natural disturbances of varying type, severity, and extent, and the resulting dynamic processes of ecosystem succession (Fig. 1.1; Chap. 3; Kneeshaw et al., 2018; Shorohova et al., 2011). Fire, insects, wind, beaver, and severe drought events are among the most important natural disturbances in the boreal forest (Chap. 24; Girardin et al., 2006; Johnson, 1992; Labrecque-Foy et al., 2020; Lavoie et al., 2021). Because the boreal biome is located at northern latitudes, it is subject to more rapid and severe effects from climate change than more southern forests. The boreal forest is already affected by changing climate as evidenced by drought as well as fires and insect outbreaks being more frequent and severe (e.g., Hanes et al., 2019; Navarro et al., 2018b; Safranyik et al., 2010; Seidl et al., 2017; Chap. 9). High-latitude regions are associated with cold climates and short growing seasons; thus, tree growth and decomposition processes are relatively slow (Chap. 11). This slow decay of organic matter results in a large stock of deadwood and carbon in the soil. Therefore, the boreal zone can have substantial disturbance-related feedback effects on CO2 emissions (Chap. 10; Ameray et al., 2021; Bradshaw & Warkentin, 2015; Pan et al., 2011).Although human population density in the boreal forest is low, two-thirds (2/3) of forested boreal regions are under some form of management, mainly for wood production. These forests account for 33% of lumber and 25% of paper products within the global export market (Burton et al., 2010). In the latter decades of the twen-tieth century, increased concerns about the effect of forest management on ecosystem functioning, the loss of biodiversity and a change in social and cultural values toward forests drove a paradigm shift toward an ecosystem approach (EA) to forest manage-ment (Franklin, 1997). Forest ecosystem management (FEM) principles have since been adopted in many jurisdictions in the boreal forest (Gauthier et al., 2009; Perera et al., 2004; Shvidenko et al., 2017). Today, however, we are challenged with implementing FEM approaches in the context of global climate change, which affects tree growth and regeneration, causes dieback due to drought, and favors more frequent and severe natural disturbances (Gauthier et al., 2015a). Forests are also increasingly affected by the cumulative impacts of previous management practices, disturbance by other industries, and the consequences of other stresses (e.g., pollution). Hence, there is an urgent need to revisit and adapt the FEM concept to address these new and often synergetic challenges.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

634.9 AAK b

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

859 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783031159886

Klasifikasi

634.9

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Forestry

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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