Text

E-book Moves - Spaces - Places : The Life Worlds of Jamaican Women in Montreal. An Ethnography

---

Penilaian

---

“More Jamaican women migrating to Canada, Statistics reveal” is a headline inthe Jamaican newspaperThe Gleanerin January (2018) discussing the recent cen-sus results gathered in Canada from 2012 to 2016. The data indicates that almost20,000 more Jamaican women than men migrated to Canada within that timespan,demonstratinga recentdisparity in migrants’genderdistribution.The socio-economic phenomenon of Jamaican women contributing as labour workers to theCanadian economy is, however, not new. Initially, Jamaican men were among thefirstCaribbeanpeopletoenterthecountryduringthecolonialperiodtoworkinthemining industries. After World War II, men worked seasonally in the horticultureindustry or as railroad labourers. However, women started to dominate Jamaicanmigration to Canada in the mid-1950s. Each year from 1955 onwards, women fromJamaica and Barbados between the ages of 18 and 35, received entry visas to workin Canadian households and nursing professions (Thomas 2012). During this pe-riod, over 2,000 women took the opportunity and entered the Canadian territories(Magocsi 1999). As immigration policies changed to a less discriminatory pointssystem in the 1960s and theFamily Reunification Actafter 1970 allowed spouses andchildren to join family members who had migrated earlier (Kelley/Trebilcock 2010),Jamaican migration to Canada remained increasingly steady. Already in the 1980s,with the intensification of international relations as well as neoliberalist and glob-alizing processes, the focus of migration research expanded. Alongside an increas-ing interest in intersectional parameters of migrants, the positionality of womenas social agents in the migratory process became relevant.According to a report from theInternational Migration Organization(IOM) in2018, an estimated number of 1.3 million Jamaican-born persons permanentlyreside abroad, amounting to at least 36.1 percent of the national population(Thomas-Hope et al. 2018). Additionally, the foreign-born second and third gen-erations –who associate their ethnic origin and identity with Jamaica– bringthe total number that comprises the diaspora to a size equivalent to that of thepopulation of 2.9 million of Jamaica itself (Plaza/Henry 2006: xvii). Jamaican-Canadians make up one of the largest non-European ethnic groups in Canada andare the leading collective of West Indian migration in general. Census data of 2016 shows 309,485 Jamaicans with permanent residency or citizenship are living inCanada (Statistics Canada 2017). Since the conditions for Jamaican immigrationand visa requirements were tightened in the UK in 2003, in the USA after 9/11and recently during Donald Trump’s presidency, Canada has become the countryof choice for many immigrants (not only from the Caribbean). Most Jamaicanssettle in Anglophone metropolitan areas such as Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton.Currently, 11,775 Jamaicans reside in Quebec, of which the majority has settled inthe metropolitan area of Montreal (Statistics Canada 2017). However, the availablecategories for ‘ethnic origin’ implemented in the Canadian census are prone toinaccuracy since individuals can make multiple choices among numerous differentnational and ethnic categories, such as Black, West Indian, Jamaican, Caribbean,African. This choice leads to inexactness about the genuine number of Jamaican-born residents residing in Montreal, especially as ethnic belonging or identityare not solely grounded in place of birth. Additionally, intra-provincial labourmigration –for example people who enter Canada through Ontario and then workin Quebec– is not sufficiently documented.

---

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

304.8 JOH m

Penerbit

Germany : transcript Verlag., 2021

Deskripsi Fisik

193 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783839458082

Klasifikasi

304.8

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Movement of People

Info Detail Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

Anda harus masuk sebelum memberikan komentar