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E-book Old Church Slavic : Grammar and Dictionaries
This is a difficult book. For specialists in Slavic linguistics, the familiar material of Old Church Slavic appears under shockingly novel light. For theoretical linguists, this work presents a construct unlike any other with the word grammar in the title. For all readers, the grammar is difficult because the complex formal appa-ratus is stated declaratively, not procedurally, and thus its validity can be evalu-ated—or even its content grasped—only after overviewing the entire assembly.The general mindset of this grammar is a radical one: it is not bound by either Slavist tradition or by any particular theoretical framework, but only by its own internal consistency, the goals it sets for itself, and some common axiomatic as-sumptions. In the remainder of this preface, as an aid to the reader of the English translation, I will give an overview of the general properties of the grammar, of the architecture of the construction, and explain some non-obvious terminology. The most salient feature of the grammar is its explicitness. W hile explicitness is a commonly declared goal of grammatical description, an ostensibly formal pre-sentation often conceals an imprecise grammatical construct. Not so in Poliva-nova’s grammar, whose explicitness is nearly absolute. The data under analysis, the tasks of the grammar, the tools available to the linguist, and the solutions adopted by her are nearly always fully laid out. First, the data covered by the grammar are entirely contained in the bench-mark corpus, which is the basis for the benchmark lists of wordforms and lexemes. The grammar is responsible for all of the contents of these benchmark lists.This benchmarking not only creates an explicit domain of responsibility for the grammar, but also acts as one of the layers of abstraction between the raw data and the grammatical description, more fully detailed below. A lso explicit is the list of grammatical categories and category values which are available in descriptions of any wordform under analysis.Second, the tasks of the grammar are stated overtly. Subparts of the tasks are given at the beginning of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic parts of the gram-mar. Unifying the various sets of benchmark tasks, the grammar specifies the following algorithm: for any name of a lexeme and a set of category values—called a paradigmatic call—it provides a wordform.The usually fraught relationship between linguistic theory and messy empir-ical reality poses a challenge to any explicit grammatical description of a vari-able corpus. In this grammar, the strategy of utmost explicitness extends to the process of scientific idealization itself, allowing an unstable corpus to be han-dled by a precise grammatical apparatus.At the core of Polivanova’s strategy is the notion of canon, an overtly given idealized form of the language. It is the canon that is the subject of the grammat-ical analysis, not the unfiltered corpus data. The choice of the canon is not em-pirically determinate, but remains under the grammarian’s control, just as any other analytical choice made in the grammar. The benchmark lists of lexemes and wordforms are part of the canon, and thus the grammatical algorithm that relates paradigmatic calls and wordforms operates with data from the canon.
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