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E-book Food Economics :Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health
Each reader of this book brings its pages to life, using your own history and insights to interpret and apply what we have written. Before writing this book, Amelia and William were students then researchers and teachers in a variety of places. We worked in agricultural schools, liberal arts colleges and health-science campuses in the U.S., Europe and Africa, and conducted workshops and fieldwork in Latin America and Asia. In each place, we have found students interested in agriculture, food and health coming from many different back-grounds, and going on to a wide range of career paths in the public and private sectors. The topic of agriculture, food and nutrition offers common ground, and economics offers a shared vocabulary and toolkit of analytical methods. Putting the two together makes food economics a broad field of active dialogue among diverse people seeking a shared understanding of the world. Many people care about and participate in decisions about the food people eat, and everyone can use economic principles to improve decision-making. This book captures the intersection of food and economics, to discover new facts, explain what we see, and help people improve outcomes from agriculture to health. The food economy involves people in every kind of profession as well as commercial businesses, community organizations and advocacy groups, government agencies and other institutions. One of the most common goals for our students is to fix global problems and improve global health, espe-cially with the looming threats of climate change and income inequality which would stifle humanity’s impressive progress in health improvement over the last hundred years. Our students want to make meaningful contributions to improving global health through the food system. People everywhere also want to make well-informed food choices for themselves and their families. This volume is intended to be a core textbook for advanced undergraduate and master’s or doctoral courses that help students gain insights and skills from economics to improve agriculture, nutrition and health around the world. Economic aspects of food and health are important for all kinds of careers in health care and policy, food production and agriculture, nutrition assistance and other domains. Economics provides a powerful toolkit for understanding how different individuals’ decisions interact and lead to many unintended but sometimes predictable outcomes that can be improved with strategic inter-vention. The book shows how people can use economics to guide practical decisions, such as what to eat for dinner today, in ways that add up to large-scale choices facing humanity, such as how best to address persistent poverty and inequity, climate change and other threats. Much of economics originated in the study of agriculture and food policy, such as the British trade restrictions that favored landowning aristocrats and motivated Adam Smith to write The Wealth of Nations (1776), and the link between population growth and famine that led Thomas Malthus to his Essay on Population (1798). The word economics itself derives from the ancient Greek word for household management, extended in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries to study interactions between people and societal outcomes. One precursor to this textbook is Food Policy Analysis, published in 1983 by Peter Timmer, Walter Falcon and Scott Pearson. That book was among the first to use just analytical diagrams, instead of more complicated mathematical models, to show how the principles of economics can help explain, predict and guide change in all kinds of agriculture and food systems worldwide. When Food Policy Analysis first appeared, the world was in a deep recession after the commodity boom and then the food price crises of the 1970s.
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