Text
E-book The fabric(ation) of consciousness : A neuro-ecological perspective
Understanding the mystery of consciousness goes to the heart of the human condition. Consciousness is what makes us human and understanding its nature is to know what it is to be human and what the world is like. Consciousness does not make us special among the animals, but human consciousness captures the essence of our being as animals. What we take to be human has far-reaching implications for and is fundamental not only to our understanding and explanation of religion, ethics, medicine, and other cultural practices but also for how we live and order our societies, how we treat other animals and how we think about life and death.However, in consciousness research, there is widespread agreement on three things only. Firstly, there is agreement on the significance of solving the mystery of consciousness, which goes to the heart of what it is to be human. Secondly, consciousness is regarded as the last surviving scientific mystery of the 21st century, and many see on the horizon a Nobel Prize for solving it (see e.g. Koch 2019, loc 2039; Miller 2005, p. 79).1 Thirdly, despite all of this, there is as yet no agreement on what that mystery is. There is no agreement on precisely what consciousness is, where to find it or how to study it. In fact, there is a growing concern about both the ontology and concepts of consciousness. It is the contention of this study that consciousness research is in a crisis.Unlike most other research areas where mistaken theories are abandoned or eventually replaced, theories of consciousness, even when mistaken, impact human life in profound ways. From ancient soul theories of consciousness to modern brain theories of the self, their impact on social, religious, and individual life is remarkably clear. Firstly, the key term neuro-ecological refers to an emerging perspective in the neuroscience of consciousness. The term ‘perspective’ suggests that there are also other perspectives in consciousness research. In fact, at least three research traditions, to be referred to as mainstream neuroscience of consciousness, theories of nonlocal consciousness and a neuro-ecological perspective on consciousness, can be identified that represent distinct and incommensurable interpretive traditions that are based on different sets of theoretical assumptions.Neuro-ecological brings together the insights of the neurosciences and the phenomenology of human experience of consciousness with an alternative way of examining, understanding and explaining consciousness as a body–mind–environment complex. In this study, it serves as the theoretical benchmark for presenting and evaluating consciousness research.
Tidak tersedia versi lain