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E-book Algorithmic Reason : The New Government of Self and Other

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Penilaian

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From the hidden entrails of the National Security Agency to Silicon Valley,algorithms appear to hold the key to insidious transformations of social, po-litical, and economic relations. “‘Ad-tech” has become “Natsec-tech.” Potentialadversaries will recognize what every advertiser and social media companyknows: AI is a powerful targeting tool’, announced the Final Report by theUnited States (US) National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence(AI).1 Chaired by Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google, and published at theend of the Trump administration in the US, the report captures a feeling of in-evitability of AI for national security. National security will be defined not onlyby AI—understood as a constellation of digital technologies—but by a par-ticular use of these technologies for marketing and targeted advertising. Thecomparison with advertising technology is not new for national security appli-cations. It has become a staple of public understandings of digital technologiesin an age where we are exposed to AI through our everyday online and socialmedia experiences. We have become used to being targeted as part of our digi-tal lives, while data insidiously travels between security and advertising, publicand commercial actors.Security agencies like GCHQ, the UK’s signals intelligence agency, and bigtech companies such as Facebook appear connected through the transfor-mation of ourselves into data. Yet, these connections are less than seamless,as companies claim to protect privacy against mass surveillance and intru-sion by security agencies, while the agencies in turn assert that they arethe only ones to conduct legitimate surveillance. An exhibition at the Sci-ence Museum in London, which was dedicated to the centenary of GCHQ,prominently displayed a photo from an anti-Facebook demonstration.2 Masssurveillance, the image seemed to suggest, is what companies like Facebookdo, not GCHQ. This apparent confrontation between GCHQ and Facebookobscures the long-standing entwinement of state and commercial surveillance. In the wake of the Snowden disclosures, a coalition of nongovernmental or-ganizations (NGOs) challenged mass surveillance by UK intelligence agenciesin a case brought before the European Court of Human Rights. They pointout how state and commercial surveillance have been intermingled via directcollaborations as well as through infrastructures and techniques of data anal-ysis: ‘Facebook or WhatsApp messages, or emails, between two Londonersmay be routed via California servers and are thus likely to be intercepted bythe UK’s bulk surveillance techniques and/or accessible via the intelligencesharing arrangements with the US, and subjected to automated profiling andanalysis’.3 However, according to the US National Security Commission onAI, security agencies risk missing out on the technological cutting edge. Theyare not guiding how state and commercial intelligence work together and arerather ‘lagging behind’ the commercial actors in their use of ‘new and disrup-tive technologies such as AI’. A new competition with commercial surveillancedemands that AI is integrated into more and more security practices.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

005.8 ARA a

Penerbit

London : Oxford University Press., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

289 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9780192859624

Klasifikasi

005.8

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Computer Security, Data Security

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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