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E-book Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide : A cross-disciplinary exploration

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Penilaian

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Maps in this book were reproduced by Paul Heggarty from maps provided by chapter authors, by converting them into a GIS (Geographic Information System) database, collated and enriched for South America for the purposes of this book. All data used on the maps are thus geo- referenced – set to actual latitude and longitude coordi-nates – as precisely as possible. Individual point- locations (such as cities, towns and archaeological sites) are generally exactly pinpointed, by precise known coordinates. Continuous lines or area outlines (‘polygons’) may be more approximate and inferred, especially for historical, archaeological or language distributions.In all maps, the coordinate reference system used is the common standard EPSG 4326 – WGS 84. All maps follow a standard layout and design, produced in QGIS 3.8 (open source, available from https:// qgis.org) using the layers detailed below under ‘Geographical base maps’. The main base geographical data are taken from existing online GIS databases, as identified below. All these base sources are open access, apart from the World Language Mapping System.Much of the mapping data needed for this book and specific to the archaeol-ogy, history, linguistics or ecology of the Andes– Amazonia divide was not available online. Examples include the geographical limits to archaeological horizons in the Andes (Inca, Wari and Tiwanaku); ecological zones, such as the Llanos de Mojos, or the montane forest regions intermediate between the high Andes and Amazonian rainforest; and past distributions of languages now extinct or whose extents are now much reduced. These data have been geo- referenced as points, lines and poly-gons by Paul Heggarty, using the geo- referencer tool built into QGIS, on the basis of map images provided by the chapter authors. This tool allows original map images to be transformed to the same projection and overlaid as a part- transparent image over the geographical base map, in order to re- draw given geographical features in GIS. The original images supplied by chapter authors were themselves based on various sources, as cited in the caption specific to each map here. Many of the linguistics chapters in this book include maps that illustrate ‘present-day’ distributions of the indigenous languages of South America. In reality, however, in many regions indigenous languages have been in rapid decline in recent decades, and the areas where they are spoken have continued to shrink. Strictly, then, these ‘present-day’ distributions often more accurately reflect where it is reliably known that given indigenous languages were spoken, at least until recent decades. Almost all published maps of Quechua distributions include Chachapoyas Quechua, for example, but recent fieldwork confirms that there are very few active speakers in the region, and none in the younger generations.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

980 PEA r

Penerbit

London : UCL Press., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

421 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9781787357358

Klasifikasi

980

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

History of South America

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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