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E-book The Politics of Reproduction : Adoption, Abortion, and Surrogacy in the Age of Neoliberalism
These three alarming vignettes might appear, on one level, to reflect quite dif-ferent concerns: abortion, surrogacy, and adoption. But a closer look reveals some deeper connections, and it is these deeper, more insidious connections that this collection of essays explores: the asymmetrically distributed privilege and precarity within which reproductive choices are made, the confluence of different degrees and kinds of desperation that force particular decisions, and the biopolitics that regulate not just biological life but the very conditions of the regeneration of life.To unravel the “simultaneously intertwined” lives and concerns, we might begin by making deceptively simple observations about transnational move-ments of bodies and resources. In the instances cited above, Jane Doe, for example, having recognized the demand for eldercare in the US, had come to seek a nursing degree. The wealthy and geographically mobile Lius were attracted by the legalized commercial surrogacy industry in California, where Jessica Allen was looking for opportunities to supplement her income as an eldercare worker. In looking deeper into their movements and what necessitates them, we probe the larger issue of neoliberalism’s global restructur-ing of economies, which has produced extreme inequalities, authorized the dismantling of welfare provisions, and increased the vulnerabilities of popu-lations already at risk. To ask why Jane Doe traveled to Texas or the Lius to California is to detect also the effects of economic reorganization on social institutions as much as in our intimate lives. This volume, in other words, is attentive to the effects of “macroeconomic intervention in the micropolitics of family relations, reshaping people’s private, everyday lives” (Davies 28). In a radically altered economic and social landscape, the desires of one class of women for reproductive labor—baby-making and eldercare—are legitimated and serviced by another class of women who are driven by the need to survive.A related series of observations arise when we focus on the entanglement of reproduction, motherhood, and the state. We might usefully ask, when do regulations protect women and when do they increase their vulnerabil-ity? The California surrogacy example lays bare the challenges that arise from the splitting apart of reproductive labor into discrete components—genetic, gestational, legal, and social—and which dispersal necessitates an attendant redefinition and understanding of motherhood. It is the complicated context of medical advances—particularly the breakthroughs in biotechnology in the arena of assisted reproduction—refracted as they often are through exist-ing ideologies of race, family, and citizenship, that give rise to the problemfaced by the Lius.
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