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E-book Adoption Across Race and Nation : US Histories and Legacies
Transnational and transracial adoption has become a phenomenon that is rapidly declining in numbers yet highly visible.1 How adoptive families were and are made has come under intense scrutiny in critical adoption studies over the last two decades, especially with regard to international adoption.2Major debates in recent years have addressed the detention of children at the US-Mexican border and their subsequent adoption by American families, adoptees’ citizenship issues and deportation, and the role of Black American families in international adoption since World War II. Many works explore adoption in the contested space between care and consumption, between rescue and self-fulfillment in deeply economically unequal global settings. They illuminate the tensions between legal and cultural citizenship, compli-cated notions of belonging, and the liminal status of adoptees. While modern adoption is considered child-centered and often framed as serving the “best interest of the child,” the practice of proxy adoptions has been highly con-tested from its beginnings. Other works demonstrate that the experiences of transnational adoptees explain that questions of belonging and citizenship are racialized. Deportations of adoptees with a criminal record especially expose the fragile and precarious status of adoptee-citizens.Looking at the history of transnational adoption and its emergence after World War II reveals that these contested debates are anything but new. In fact, exploring transnational/transracial adoptions from a historical perspec-tive and taking contemporary issues into account, as this volume does, high-lights the centrality of the categories race and nation in adoption discourse and practice. It also reveals adoption as a site of Cold War politics in the past and as a site for immigration and citizenship politics in the present.The collection is interdisciplinary and multiperspective, bringing together historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and demographers as well as scholars from childhood studies and adoption studies to uncover the contours of adop-tion. It looks at adoptive parents, at adoptees, at birth mothers and adoption advocates.3 It integrates well-known case studies of adoptions from Korea, China, and South America with less known ones, such as Black German adop-tions. For instance, as Kori Graves shows, when Black Americans adopted Black Korean children during the Korean War, they relied on networks, prac-tices, and news coverage that were in place since the end of World War II, when Black families had adopted Black German children to the US.
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