Text
E-book In the Borderland Between Song and Speech : Vocal Expressions in Oral Cultures
The aim of this study was to pursue greater knowledge of vocal expressions in the borderland between speech and song through collaboration between researchers with different approaches, with a view to developing an interdisciplinary method for the analysis of such expressions. The research presented here is the outcome of the research project ‘In the Borderland between Song and Speech. Vocal Expressions in Oral Cultures’ carried out in 2011–14 with support from the Swedish Research Council. The starting point was a con-ference on endangered languages and musics, Humanities of the Lesser-Known, organized in Lund in 2010, which brought together those who came to be the members of the Borderland project.1The material is intercultural and includes a variety of language and music contexts: Kammu (Laos), Akha (Thailand), Seediq (Taiwan), Tanana (Interior Alaska), and Ryukyuan (Okinawa, Japan). A long-term aim has also been to play a part in the revitalization of such oral traditions and to contribute to their sustainability. The languages belong to different language families, Austroasiatic (Kammu), Sino-Tibetan (Akha), Austronesian (Seediq), Athabascan (Tanana), and Japonic (Ryukyuan). They are spoken in different parts of the world, but they also have much in common. Except for Ryukyuan, they lack a written tradition, and most of them are endangered to some degree. Tanana and Ryukyuan have very few speakers, and even Kammu, with at least half a million speakers and Akha with still more, are under constant pressure from the majority languages in their areas. Kammu and Akha are fully fledged tone languages and Tanana and Ryukyuan use lexical tones to some extent.Our main interest has not been in what is performed – be it ‘song’, ‘recitation’, ‘prayer’, or ‘narration’ – but in the techniques that make improvisation, variation, re-creation, and creation possible in the kind of performances we include in the concept vocal expres-sion. Thus, we focus on performance and not on the vocal expressions as artefacts. When we speak of transmission, it is not about the transmission of individual ‘poems’ or ‘songs’ but about the inter-generational transmission of the techniques used in order to realize vocal expressions in performance. When we study material from diverse cultures, the goal is not comparison in itself but, rather, understanding the diversity of culturally specific techniques of performance.
Tidak tersedia versi lain