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E-book Electronic Voting
Internet voting has been an active topic of public discussions for many years. Itsproponents highlight the advantages of voting online, such as increased conve-nience and accessibility for voters who might have difficulty reaching a physicalpolling station.However, critics of Internet voting raise concerns about its security risks,including the potential manipulation of election results and violation of votesecrecy. Addressing these risks and ensuring voters’ trust in the security of thesystem is particularly challenging given the complexity of Internet voting systemsand corresponding security measures. One crucial aspect in establishing trustistransparency. Transparency allows the public to monitor the voting system’s workings and ensure that the election follows proper procedures. Numerous stud-ies [1,9,21] have confirmed the importance of transparency, as also recognizedby the German Constitutional Court concerning the use of voting machines [10].Despite technical proposals to enhance transparency in Internet voting [22,30],little attention has been given to understanding voters’ attitudes towards trans-parency in Internet voting and the proposed measures.In this work we aim to bridge this gap and to investigate voters’ attitudestoward the transparency of Internet voting, our study aims to address the fol-lowing research question:What are the measures that can be used to increasetransparency in Internet voting systems as proposed in academic research andapplied in practice, and what are the voters’ attitudes towards these measuresand their relation to transparency?. We conduct a systematic literature review on measures proposed to improvetransparency in Internet voting, supplementing the results of our review witha further search on transparency in other domains of technology, such as AI.We propose a taxonomy of these measures by deriving five dimensions, namely,information availability,understandability,monitoring and verifiability,reme-dial measuresandtesting. These differ depending on the involved stakeholders,time period when these measures are applied (e.g. before or during the elec-tion) and their effect.
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