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E-book The Coupling of Safety and Security : Exploring Interrelations in Theory and Practice
The exploratory title of this book aims to encourage the reader to think about thedevelopment of safety and security in combination and with renewed perspectives. Akey background for this bringing together of concepts is the general trend in societythat the safer and more secure our organizations and institutions become, the moreof it we demand from them. While many of the biggest threats to health and safetyat work have been reduced, at least in Europe and North America, industrial safetyhas become broadened through increased emphasis on modern societies’ productionof new systemic risks and the ideas that vulnerabilities are affected by global events. Safety has long been a major concern for organizations, especially with the advent ofhazardous technologies and activities. Within sectors such as energy, chemical, trans-portation,water,andhealth,safetyisacoreconceptinpolicy,regulation,andmanage-ment. Consequently, there are well-established institutional/management strategies,collaborations, and practices associated with preventing incidents and accidents.Maintaining the efficacy of these approaches is viewed as important for protect-ing hazardous technologies, as they are based on previous incidents and include thedynamic yet fragile organizational web of safety defenses [24]. From the 1980s, sup-ported by an increased understanding of how and why accidents happen, increasedattention was paid to how accidents and disasters are caused by societal developments[6]. Research demonstrated how hazards relate to changing organizational charac-teristics [12,21], and the argument that major accidents are inevitable in certainhigh-hazard systems became influential and spurred interest in the limits to safetyand possibilities of organizational competence [12].Security was up until the end of the Cold War strongly connected to state securityand the protection against threats from foreign states. For civilian industries, securityin this respect became an issue to the extent that organizations contributed to a state’smilitary defense capabilities [6]. However, when the Cold War ended in the late1980s, the political focus shifted to peace and international human rights as wellas an increased consciousness about societies’ own vulnerabilities to malicious actssuch as sabotage and terrorism.
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