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E-book Nuancing Young Masculinities : Helsinki Boys’ Intersectional Relationships in New Times
In the millions of words written about the pandemic that entered global consciousness in 2020, masculinities featured in contradictory ways. On the one hand, some commentators expressed concerns that the characteristics of masculinity make boys and men poorly suited to managing the pandemic well. They were considered at risk of poor mental health, of breaching lockdown and behavioural restrictions and of committing violent acts on women and children (Burrell and Ruxton, 2020; Deuchar and Goulden, 2020; European Commission, 2021; Glick, 2020). On the other hand, some researchers reported that lockdown offered opportunities for a shift in how men and boys see themselves and so a shift towards more egalitarian masculinities and gender-equal relations (Mwiine, 2020; Wenham, Smith and Morgan, 2020).The study reported in this book was conducted before the pan-demic; however, the observations above illustrate two impor-tant points about masculinities that lay the groundwork for this book. First, that there is no one version of masculinity that all boys or all men subscribe to. Masculinities are plural and can and do change over time, dependent on the sociostructural context. Equally, COVID-19, together with the global impact of the Black Lives Matter movement, has underscored that boys and men are viewed and treated differently, and have very different experiences, depending on how they are racialised. Second, COVID-19 helped to illuminate the ways in which contexts, identities, practices and social change are always interrelated. In order to understand mas-culinities, therefore, it is more important than ever to understand boys’ and men’s everyday practices, the identities they take up, and their varied positioning in the institutions in which they are located, their localities, nations and the globe. This book makes a contribution to that understanding by presenting a detailed pic-ture of boys of different ethnicities, from different urban localities, who attend schools in Helsinki, Finland.It is not that masculinities first came to public attention dur-ing the coronavirus pandemic. Indeed, they have long been part of public consciousness and debate in such negative ways that it has become normative to think of masculinities as problematic and as in crisis. For boys in many societies, that crisis has, for decades, been about poor educational attainment in relation to girls, their disengagement from schoolwork, denigration of girls, homophobia, propensity for violence and coping strategies that hinder help-seeking and self-care (Arnesen, Lahelma and Öhrn, 2008; Frosh, Phoenix and Pattman, 2002; Janssen, 2015). This constellation of features is part of what has been dubbed ‘toxic masculinity’ in media and popular discussion (Flood, 2018), to signify that it is bad both for women and for men. It is damaging to girls and women because they are subject to sexist behaviours, including abusive or violent treatment, and to boys and men because it constrains their relations with women, children and other boys and men as well.
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