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E-book The African Marine Litter Outlook

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Penilaian

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The ocean is of great importance to earth, not just to coastal nations but also to landlocked communities and countries. The ocean regulates our planet. It produces vast amounts of the oxygen we breathe and acts as a global climate control system by absorbing, storing, and releasing heat and gasses. It is a source of food and essential nutrients such as iodine. It provides the backbone of global transport and trade. Our ocean provides critical economic opportunities and sustainable industries, and contributes to recreation and mental well-being. Covering >70% of the earth’s surface (Kaiser et al., 2005), it is not surprising that the ocean is integral to supporting life on earth, providing us with basic necessities whilst regulating our blue planet. The coastal and marine environment is crucial for the livelihoods of many inland and coastal communities. In 2005, approximately 2.2 billion people lived within 100 km of coastline. The rapid urbanisation of these areas is causing this figure to double by 2025 (Kaiser et al., 2005). The average population density along coastlines changes rapidly around the globe. On average, globally, the population density is 80 people per km2. However, this rises to 1000 people per km2 in countries such as Egypt and Bangladesh (Kaiser et al., 2005). Many coastal inhabitants depend directly on marine resources for their subsistence or income. More than 3 billion people’s livelihoods (>40% of the global population [World Bank, 2019]) depend directly on coastal and marine biodiversity, whilst the maritime fishing sector, directly or indirectly, employs more than 200 million people (United Nations, 2021). The economic potential of the ocean is of global importance. It goes further than the fishing industry. The ocean supports a whole range of maritime activities such as shipyards, marine terminals, aquaculture, seafood processing, commercial diving, and marine transportation. The ocean’s contribution to the global economy was predicted, in a pre-COVID-19 projection, to double from US $1.5 trillion in 2010 to US $3 trillion by 2030 (OECD, 2016). The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the ocean is of a similar order, estimated at US $2.5 trillion per year (gross marine product) (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2015), making the global ocean the words 8th largest economy (World Economic Forum, 2020). The ocean’s economic importance is recognised through the Blue Economy. The Blue Economy is the “sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and jobs whilst preserving the health of ocean ecosystem.” The Blue Economy recognises the need to enhance economic development by exploiting marine resources in a sustainable and regenerative way that conserves life-sustaining marine environments. When approached as the Blue Economy, the maritime industries and activities promote the preservation or improvement of livelihoods, social inclusion and economic growth, whilst ensuring environmental sustainability (United Nations, 2019). The ocean’s importance reaches far beyond economic and subsistence. The ocean allows for life on this earth as we know it.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

551.46 SUM t

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

241 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783031086267

Klasifikasi

551.46

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Hydrosphere, Oceanography

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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