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E-book Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations

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Penilaian

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Transport and tourism sectors are strictly related and interconnected with mutualgrowth dynamics. Tourist trends raised continuously and steadily along the lastdecades, reflecting the demand’s stimulation coupled with pushing economies(Cristea & Mantero,2020). Such trend drove the expansion of both tourism andtransport markets which achieved higher figures and better performances year afteryear, as seen in Figs.1and2.The tourism sector has a key role at the European level, representing in 2019 near10% of the total GDP. Focusing on the 6 countries that took part in the CIVITASDESTINATIONS project through their insular regions, the figures of the Tourismsector for the country GPD is significant, varying from 11.6% in Malta to a maximumcontribution of 22.66% in Cyprus (Pratt,2015).In CIVITAS DESTINATIONS, insular regions show a prominent role in thetourism industry compared to national economies. As possible to notice in Fig.3,nearly 25% of the insular economies of Malta and Cyprus are related to the tourismsector, when on average national economies of the six sites rely on tourism onlyaround 10% (WTTC,2020).Since 1950, both sectors’ economies started to grow and faced along the yearsfour great recessions period related to two financial crises 2001–2002 and recently in2007–2008, a health crisis of SARS pandemic in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020. Thelast decline due to COVID-19 affected enormously tourism and transport marketswith an estimated deterioration of international tourism demand of 60%. was estimated to rise to 80% until December 2020 if the pandemic recovery will delay(OECD,2020). An average decline of transport in urban areas during the lockdownreached 75% and stabilized during July 2020 between 20 and 50%.1Despite theCOVID-19 demand and offer downfall, recovery for both markets to pre-crisis figuresis not expected before 2022 (OECD,2020;IATA,2020; Higgins-Desbiolles,2020).Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the trends of both industries shaped relevantpositiveeffectsattheeconomicandsociallevels,creatingemploymentandimprovingnational and local economic development. Tourism and travel represented in 2019,10.3% of the global GDP with 330 million jobs created across the world representingthe sector growths more after ICT and financial sectors (WTTC,2020). Together withgreat benefits, tourism and travel industries generate relevant external adverse effectsat social and environmental levels affecting the quality of life of cities (Koens et al.,2018), especially during the peak seasons. In such a general growing trend, the totalbalance is in almost all cases highly positive with more total benefits than privateand social costs (Biondo,2012).After the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in February/March, both sectors of trans-port and tourism started to recover the demand’s decrease in June 2020. However,this period was considered by all stakeholders the right time to reassess the actualbusiness models and to improve outdated processes based on the obsolete prereq-uisite of the ‘golden age of travel and tourism’, to address new rising challenges incustomers’ demand and rising market.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

625.7 MAN s

Penerbit

Switzerland : Springer Nature., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

154 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9783030737153

Klasifikasi

625.7

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Road Engineering

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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