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E-book Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants

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Penilaian

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous, soil-borne, endophytic, obli-gate biotrophs that colonize the roots of 70–90% of terrestrial plants in various soil types and environmental conditions to establish mutually beneficial relationships (Branco et al. 2022; Shi et al. 2023). The evolutionary trajectory of AMF has been intrinsically tied to the history of plant evolution with the appearance of the first terrestrial plant around 400 MYA ago (Salvioli di Fossalunga and Novero 2019). Taxonomically, AMF belong to the phylum Glomeromycota (Giovannini et al. 2020). The name AMF signifies the peculiar relationship between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi and its key features, wherein “Arbuscule” stands for a special treelike fungal (hyphal) structure in the inner cortex of the root that is used for resource-exchange between “plant root” and “AMF,” whereas “mycorrhiza” derived from two words “myco,” meaning fungus, and “rhiza,” meaning “root” (Shi et al. 2023). In plant-AMF symbiosis, AMF benefit from the plant-supplied carbon (C) substances such as sugars and lipids derived from photosynthesis (Jiang et al. 2017), while the AMF provide the plant host with mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (Wipf et al. 2019). This nutrient exchange strongly impacts plant and microbial ecosystems by influencing plant fitness, core soil processes, and the C cycle (Diagne et al. 2020; Giovannini et al. 2020). AMF assist the roots of the host plant with their extensive hyphal network in absorbing water and nutrients from faraway soils, thus decreasing the requirement for chemical fertilizers and irrigation (Kakouridis et al. 2022). AMF are found in different kinds of envi-ronments including severely disturbed ecosystems containing soils polluted with excessive salt, xenobiotics, and heavy metals (Boorboori and Zhang 2022; Branco et al. 2022; Ahammed et al. 2023). The symbiosis between plant roots and AMF hyphae results in the recruitment of specialized microorganisms into the mycorrhizosphere (Giovannini et al. 2020; Phour et al. 2020). AMF stimulate the mycorrhizosphere microbiome and help plants develop, take up nutrients, and resist abiotic and biotic hazards (Philippot et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2022). By facilitating nutrient uptake, AMF aid plant development and stress tolerance including tolerance to drought stress (Begum et al. 2019), salinity (Cui et al. 2022; Li et al. 2022), nutrient deficiency (Shi et al. 2021), or heavy metal stress (Dhalaria et al. 2020; Alam et al. 2019). The physio-logical, biochemical, microbial, and molecular processes by which AMF aid plants in nutrient foraging and stress resilience have been extensively studied (Salvioli di Fossalunga and Novero 2019). Recent work has established the framework for nutrient exchange and regulatory interactions between host plants and AMF, but mechanisms underlying AMF-mediated host plant tolerance to stress still remain unclear (Shi et al. 2023). AMF have potential applications in crop production, forestry management, bioremediation, and ecological restoration as biofertilizers and bioprotectors (Phour et al. 2020; Boorboori and Zhang 2022; Zhu et al. 2022). In this chapter, we provide a brief introduction to AMF, their characteristic features, functions, and potential applications in crop production and environmental management.

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

579.5 ABD a

Penerbit

Singapore : Springer Nature., 2024

Deskripsi Fisik

351 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789819982202

Klasifikasi

579.5

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

-

Subjek

Fungi, Eumycophyta

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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