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E-book Demographic and Family Transition in Southeast Asia
In the past decade, Southeast Asia’s economic and geopolitical profile in the worldhas risen dramatically. It is one of the fastest growing markets and least well-knownregions in the world. Countries in this region are important because they are large inaggregate, strategically located, exceptionally diverse, and intellectually interesting.This book on Demographic and Family Changes in Southeast Asia (SEA) presentsthe trends and patterns of family changes from all eleven countries in the region forthe past 50 years (till 2015). It collects indicators on marriage, fertility, and householdstructures, and child and youth well-being based on data that are dispersed in manydifferent sources and compiles them in one single document making it easier forresearchers, practitioners, and policy-makers who are interested in this diverse andrapidly growing region to refer to. The report is meant to be a resource book to providea snapshot of changes in the last half a century in key demographic, socio-economiccharacteristics, and family structure in the region to facilitate an understanding ofthe transitions that have undergone. These trends and patterns are meant to helpreaders understand the levels of development and diversity in this region that canshape the future socioeconomic development in this region in the next few decades.The large amount of data presented here precludes in-depth interpretations due tospace constraints. References are provided throughout this brief on various topicsfor readers who are interested in learning greater details to consult with.A review of the literature on the structure of families in the region shows thatcontemporary studies on Southeast Asia focus on a handful of themes that focuson individual countries. In the marriage literature, for example, regional studies aredone by a few scholars and commonly include Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,Thailand, or Singapore, with the recent inclusion of Myanmar (Dommaraju & Jones,2011; Jones,1997,2012; Jones & Shen,2008; Jones & Yeung,2014; Yeung &Hu,2018). Brunei, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Timor-Leste are frequently left outwhen scholars discuss Southeast Asia. While we acknowledge that issues of dataavailability in these countries play a big role in their absence in comparative studies,we stress that leaving them out may cause one to miss vital information on Southeast Asiaasawhole.Therefore,providingacomprehensivetimetrendofasetofindicatorsfor all countries within the region is one of the objectives of this book.In choosing which indicators to include, we drew heavily on major references suchas the World Family Map prepared by the Child Trends and Social Trends Institute,and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databaseindicators. Data used in the figures in this report are sourced from publicly availabledatabases and reports such as the United Nations (UN) Data, Integrated Public UseMicrodata Series (IPUMS) International Version 6.4, Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN) Statistics, World Bank Data, and various countries’ statisticaloffices.Such indicators were commonly used in the literature focusing on family andpopulation changes. The choice of indicators to include in this report is mainly basedon the availability of comparable data in the past four to five decades that allows adescription of time trends. When data are available, a longer time series is presented.Some indicators have longer time series or gave more countries included than othersdue to the comparability and availability of the data.
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