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E-book Urban Blue Spaces : Planning and Design for Water, Health and Well-Being
This book came about as a major dissemination output of the BlueHealth Project (https://bluehealth2020.eu), a large, integrated interdisciplinary research project carried out under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research Frame-work Programme between 2016 and 2020. The project took an international and innovative, interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach to health promotion and disease prevention by exploring how to use Europe’s aquatic ‘blue’ infrastructure to reduce threats and particularly to foster improvements in the health and well-being of its citizens (and beyond into the wider world), now and into the future.Most urban areas in Europe (where the majority of people live) are strongly associated with inland waterways, lakes, or sea coasts (see the following). BlueHealth focused on blue infrastructure primarily in urban contexts, and this will be a key feature throughout the book. Much of Europe’s blue infrastructure spans national boundaries (for example, rivers such as the Rhine or Danube or certain lakes and substantial coastline), making the international recognition of the issues and cross-border cooperation essential.Dealing with the health implications of the growing importance of blue infrastructure is key to the European Union’s ‘Health in All Policies’ Agenda. European blue infrastructure offers not only significant but relatively unex-plored health- and well-being–related opportunities and benefits (e.g. urban cooling, increased recreational opportu-nities) but also a means of mitigating threats (e.g. from flooding and microbial and chemical pollution). The project investigated these synergies and trade-offs, with the aim of developing targeted environmental, health and well-being assessment indicators, illustrative case studies, best practices, decision support tools and guidelines to inform and improve decision-making for current blue infrastructure as well as future blue infrastructure interventions in light of climate and other environmental change.In addition, there are many blue infrastructure-related policies at the European level, such as the EU Water Frame-work Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, as well as the EU Blue Growth strategy together with con-tributions to international policies such as the Rio+20 agenda, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the World Health Organization Parma Declaration 2010, to which the work carried out by this project adds considerable value.The BlueHealth project brought together interdisciplinary teams of experts in a broad consortium to apply mixed-methods research in fields including public and environmental health, ecosystems management, epidemiol-ogy, landscape and urban planning and design, environmental psychology, climate change modelling, social geogra-phy, virtual reality, health and environmental economics and policy. The Partners in the project came from seven EU member states together with the World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Environment and Health in Europe. Alot of the work of this wide-ranging group, although not all, is represented here.At the heart of the project was the detailed and systematic consideration of blue infrastructure case studies and experimental interventions which, together with a set of research and assessment tools, form the heart of this book. Blue infrastructure initiatives were evaluated systematically and from different perspectives.
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