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E-book Stem Cell Delivery Routes: From Preclinical Models to Clinical Applications

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Penilaian

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The pioneering work done by E. Donnall Thomas in 1957, who first performedallogeneic bone marrow (or hematopoietic stem cell) transfusion in patients,earned him a Nobel Prize in 1990 for his discoveries regarding cell transplantationfor human diseases treatment [1, 2]. In this study, six patients were treated withradiation and chemotherapy followed by intravenous infusion of marrow-derivedfrom a normal donor. Only two patients had cell engraftment, but none survivedup to 100 days post-transplantation. Thereafter, with the discovery of the humanleukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens and typing methods, E. Donnall Thomas begana clinical trial program, in which 100 allogeneic transplantations were performedin54 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 46 patients with acutelymphoblastic leukemia undergoing combination chemotherapy. Only 13 patientshad disease-free survival for 1 to 4.5 years following marrow graft [3]. It was concluded that bone marrow transplantation should be performed early in themanagement of patients with acute leukemia using HLA-matched marrow. Thiswork revolutionised medicine and paved the way for human cell-based therapy,through at least three crucial hints: 1) allogeneic cell transplantation was possible,2) timing of therapy was important, and 3) HLA-matching was necessary. Sincethen, cells (and thereafter, stem cells) have gained tremendous attention from thescientific and medical communities. Advances in stem cell research have led tothe identification of multipotent cells in adult tissues, not only in the bonemarrow, but also in the easily accessible adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amnioticfluid, placenta, breast milk as well as donated organs like the liver [4, 5]. Theadult stem cells are present in limited amounts in all organs and are essential fortissue homeostasis and repair.Stem cells, due to their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into variouscell types, are indeed very promising for the treatment of human diseases (Fig. 1).Preclinical studies in appropriate animal models are necessary to obtain importantinsights into how transplanted stem cells will behave in human subjects. Animalmodels provide information about stem cell behaviour when surrounded by animmune system or vasculature as well as upon complex interaction with differentcell types in the receiving microenvironment [6, 7]. Thus, preclinical studies arerequisite to test for the safety and efficacy of stem cell administration as well as toundertake stem cell-based clinical studies on humans. Several successful cases ofstem cell transplantation in the rodent models of hepatic, corneal and renaldiseases, for example, have been reported [8 - 11].

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

660.6 FAG s

Penerbit

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers., 2021

Deskripsi Fisik

152 hlm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

9789815040104

Klasifikasi

660.6

Tipe Isi

text

Tipe Media

computer

Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

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Subjek

Biotechnology

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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