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E-book Field Station Bahia
Between 1935 and 1943, the city of Salvador, Bahia, received the attention of numerous foreign scholars and intellectuals, all of them impressed – if not seduced – by its “magic”, largely the result of its black popular culture. They included Donald Pierson (1900–1995), Robert Park1 (1864–1944), Ruth Landes (1908–1991), Lorenzo Dow Turner (1890–1972), E. Franklin Frazier (1894–1962), Stefan Zweig2 (1881–1942), Frances Shapiro Herskovits (1897–1975) and Melville J. Herskovits (1895–1963). Frazier, Turner, Melville Herskovits and Frances Shapiro Herskovits carried out fieldwork there from 1940 to 1942. Frances was an anthropologist in her own right, but in those days her scholarship was not recognized as such and she was seen as Melville’s assistant.3 Somewhat hiding in her husband’s shadow throughout this book, she will come to the fore in Chapter 3.This book is a reading of the making of Afro-Brazilian studies and, to a lesser extent, African studies and African-American studies, through the interrelated and transnational trajectories mainly of four scholars – Turner, Frazier and Melville and Frances Herskovits. If there is originality in this piece of work, it sits in the comparison of the journey, style and agenda of these four different and yet somehow converging scholars, and in the attempt to relate them to the Brazilian intellectual context, which in those days was much smaller and less organized than the US equivalent. It is, therefore, a double comparison: between four Americans, and between Americans and scholars based in Brazil.The research for this book was spread out over two decades, from 2000 to 2020, in the archives that host the papers of these four outstanding intellectuals. They were rivals and yet good colleagues or even friends.4 Even so, as we shall see throughout the book, in those years Salvador became the site of a battle between two different perceptions of black integration in the United States and the place of Africa in this process, between Frazier and the Herskovitses. Turner and Frazier were friends for life (Wade-Lewis 2007:129); Frazier and Herskovits were colleagues and, towards the end of their life, friends;5 and Turner and Herskovits had a cordial and mutually beneficial, though unequal, professional relationship (Wade-Lewis 2007:191).
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