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E-book Child Soldiers in Context : Biographies, Familial and Collective Trajectories in Northern Uganda
This book focuses on returned former child soldiers of the so-called Lord’s Re-sistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda, and their reintegration into public, occu-pational and family life. In the last chapter (chapter5), we will compare their history and present situation with that of ex-rebels in the neighboring region of West Nile, and discuss the instructive similarities and differences between thesedifferent rebel groups in northern Uganda. An important difference is that in almost all cases the ex-rebels in West Nile are men who joined the rebels as adults and (at least formally) as volunteers. The following chapters were originally written relatively independently of each other. The empirical data stem from biographical and ethnographic interviews, ex-pert interviews, group discussions, and participant observationsconducted by Artur Bogner and Gabriele Rosenthal in the context of two DFG-funded research projects on local peace and post-war processes in Uganda between 2009 and 2017.1The pro-ject leader was Dieter Neubert, University of Bayreuth. Katharina Teutenberg as-sisted with the analysis of the group discussions (see chapter3), and Josephine Schmiereck with the analysis of the interviews (see chapter4). They are co-authors of the respective chapters.The LRA is an armed grouping or rebel group founded in northern Uganda around 1987. Its leaders use messianic, apocalyptic ideas and concepts, borrowed largely from Christian traditions (but partly also from the local religion, or local cults in this region), to account for their actions. Its charismatic leader, Joseph Kony, claims to have paranormal (‘supernatural’) abilities. The LRA became known mainly through the forced recruitmentof thousands of children and adolescents who were trained as soldiers or forced to ‘marry’ members of the rebel group. In the way it combines ‘religious’ and messianic ideas with military and armed actions, and in its use of child soldiers and enslaved girls, it resembles ‘Boko Haram’ and ‘Islamic State’, so-called terror militias that have become widely known more recently. In the case of the LRA (as well as its predecessor, the so-called Holy Spirit Movement), this messianic discourse was combined from the start with an ethno-political discoursewhich portrayed the Acholi of northern Uganda as a persistent collective victim of discrim-ination and persecution by central governments led by politicians from other regions or ethnic groupings (see Behrend1999; Branch 2010; Van Acker 2004;and chapter 5, in this volume). But unlike all other, or earlier, rebel groups in Uganda, the LRA made the violent abduction or enslavement of children (preferably aged between twelve and fourteen) its main method of recruitment and concentrated its activities on attacking the civilian population.
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