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E-book Identity, Power, and Prestige in Switzerland's Multilingual Education
There is a saying by Ludwig Wittgenstein that could be used to summarize the un-derlyingmessageofthisstudy:DieGrenzenmeinerSprachebedeutendieGrenzenmeinerWelt,which is commonly translated into English asthelimitsofmylanguagemeanthelimitsofmyworld.Languagesandlanguagehierarchiesdevelopoutofideologiesthatconnectindividuals,languages,andculturewithinasocialspace.Peoplearejudgedaccording to their linguistic skills and the‘market value’that a certain language va-riety, or the one they speak, has within this space or ‘field’ (Bourdieu, 1991). Somevarieties are considered to be more prestigious than others so that speakers of a va-riety situated at the lower end of a particular language hierarchy can be limited interms of their personal and professional development. Speakers of prestigious va-rieties, conversely, typically benefit from the high status of their first language(s)(L1(s)), the seemingly unrestricted access to opportunities, and their ability to ac-cumulate ‘linguistic capital’ effortlessly (Bourdieu, 1991). A central question facingscholars in the field of language and education, therefore, is: “what [language] re-sourcesareassignedwhatvalue,bywhom,how,whyandwithwhatconsequences?”(Heller,2008a,p.517).Almost ten years later,Heller and McElhinny (2017,p.xv) stillsee the need to investigate the“question of what language has to do with social dif-ference and social inequality” further. They call for a better “understand[ing of] therelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocialorderthroughlinkingthevalueandmean-ing of language to the value and meaning of the rest of the resources that count insociety, and so to the basic working of the economic and political order” (Heller &McElhinny,2017, p.xv).
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