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E-book Wellness in Whiteness : Biomedicalization and the Promotion of Whiteness and Youth among Women
The primary aim of this book is to introduce key ideas, concepts and analyses in order to reveal the social and ethical implications of the globalization of the emerg-ing skin-whitening biotechnology. These biotechnologies promise women ‘ageless beauty’ and youthful appearance by removing visible signs of ageing and by shield-ing women’s bodies from the harmful effects of ageing, environmental pollutants and undesirable lifestyles. This work also examines how skin-whitening biotech-nology represents a major contemporary global market that promises brightened and youthful-looking skin to women who can afford the asking price. Conse-quently, this work aims to delineate and reveal how whitening biotechnology is implicated in the dynamics of racialization and biomedicalization of women’s bod-ies and skin. In this work, skin-whitening biotechnology is defined as an enabling site which facilitates the commercialization of a plethora of biotechnologies with skin-whitening properties and with profound biomedicalization and racialization implications. Using an intersectional theoretical framework and a content analysis methodology drawn from cultural studies, the sociology of knowledge, the history of colonial medicine and critical race theory, this work examines technical reports and advertisements for skin-whitening products (online and in print) by pharma-ceutical and cosmetics companies to analyse racialization and biomedicalization implications of skin-whitening biotechnology.These biotechnologies have two major marketing strategies. First, skin-whitening biotechnologies are increasingly marketed to white women to remove visible signs of ageing and to shield their bodies and skin from the harmful effects of environ-mental pollution and undesirable lifestyles. When marketing under the purview of anti-ageing, skin-whitening biotechnologies reinforce discursive construction of the visible signs of ageing, such as age spots, sunburns and ‘hyper-pigmentation’ as pathological problems. One of the aims of this work is to critically investigate the extent to which the aggressive promotion of skin-whitening biotechnologies with anti-ageing claims represents a heightened level of the biomedicalization of women’s bodies. Biomedicalization of women’s bodies results from the claims that skin-whitening biotechnology can reverse ageing by purifying and restoring the ageing bodies and skin of women. Petersen and Seear (2009, p.269) defined the biomedicalization of ageing as a reductionist conceptualization of complex and multi-dimensional ageing processes based on the interaction between ‘bio-physical, socio-cultural and psycho-social factors’ to a medical problem amenable to tech-nological intervention.
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