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E-book Sunflower : An Alternative Crop for Tennessee Producers
Tennessee producers are interested in crops that can be grown to diversify and/or complement their current cropping systems that include corn, cotton, soybeans and wheat. There is a growing demand for birdseed, and sunflower is an important component of that feed, either as a sole ingredient or in a blend with other seeds such as millet, corn, sesame, sorghum, wheat and oats. Sunflower oil is used for human consumption and is also a suitable feedstock for biodiesel. An increasing demand for biodiesel will increase the demand for oilseed crops such as sunflower. Thus, there may be increased opportunities for some Tennessee producers to grow sunflower for these markets. This publication provides general information about the growth, development and production of sunflower. Results from four years of sunflower hybrid trials conducted in Tennessee are included to provide producers with information about how these hybrids perform under Tennessee conditions. Sunflower is one of a few crops that originated in the U.S., with the southwestern U.S. likely its center of origin. Records show that wild sunflower was used as a food by Native Americans and was domesticated and spread by their movements (Seiler and Rieseberg, 1997). Archaeological evidence uncovered from a site in Middle Tennessee indicates that sunflower was being grown in Tennessee by Native Americans more than 4000 years ago (Crites, 1993). Following the discovery and settlement of the U.S., sunflower was spread to other parts of the world, with European countries and Russia being the major producers (Putt, 1997). Modern sunflower varieties in North American trace much of their lineage back to reintroduced varieties that were developed in Europe and Russia. Sunflower was not an important agronomic crop in the U.S. until the 1950s, and oilseed sunflower has been an economically important crop in the U.S. only since the mid-1960s. Expanded world production of sunflower resulted from development of high-oil varieties and more recently from the development of hybrids.
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