A defense of a version of the higher-order thought (HOT) theory of consciousness with special attention to such topics as concepts and animal consciousness. Consciousness is arguably the most important area within contemporary philosophy of mind and perhaps the most puzzling aspect of the world. Despite an explosion of research from philosophers, psychologists, and scientists, attempts to expl…
This book comprises three parts. In Part I (Chaps. 2–7) we sketch the basic concepts andarchitecture of metalearning systems, especially focusing on which types of “metaknowl-edge” can be collected by observing the performance of different models on prior tasksand how this can be used within metalearning approaches to learn new tasks more effi-ciently. Since this type of metalearning is c…
It should be more widely appreciated that literature is a kind of scientific tool that can be used to shed light on consciousness. The argument is that the richest description of the phenomenon of human experience come from our finest writers, who are capable of capturing moments in time in exquisite detail from multiple perspectives. In this view, there is no …
In Isaac Asimov’s story, Someday (1956a), two young boys, Nic-colo and Paul, describe a world both clearly past and future for us. On the one hand, their descriptions of technology show the story’s age. Personal computers are run by valves and updated by reels of magnetic tape; there is no internet, no wifi, or cell technology — all the silly and fundamental …
Aspiring and practicing Data Science and AI professionals, along with Python and Julia programmers, will practice numerous AI algorithms and develop a more holistic understanding of the field of AI, and will learn when to use each framework to tackle projects in our increasingly complex world. The first two chapters introduce the field, with Chapter 1 surveying Deep Learning models and Chapt…
Some people are cleverer than others. This everyday observation is the subject of an academic field that is often portrayed as confused and controversial, when in fact, the field of intelligence holds some of psychology's best-replicated findings. This Very Short Introduction describes what psychologists have discovered about how and why people differ in their thinking powers. Drawing on lar…
The basic elements of many natural and artificial systems have dependencies on each other and call for correlation modeling and analytic methods to study these. The graphs are all around us from different perspective, and in general all the objects in the real world are defined based on their connections with other objects. These connections ca…
Machine learning and data analytics are powering a wave of groundbreaking technologies. Is your company ready? We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones to help you understand how these technologies work together, how to adopt them, and why your strategy can't ignore them. In this book, you'll learn how: data science, driven by …
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely used in society today. The (mis)use of biased data sets in machine learning applications is well?known, resulting in discrimination and exclusion of citizens. Another example is the use of non?transparent algorithms that can’t explain themselves to users, resulting in the AI not being trusted and therefore not being used when it might be beneficial to us…
It is impossible to talk about human cognition without talking about concepts—there simplyisno human cognition without concepts. Concepts form an abstractionof reality that is central to the functioning of the human mind. Conceptual knowledge(of e.g., APPLE, LOVE and BEFORE) is crucial for us to categorize, understand,and reason about the world. Only equipped with concepts and words for them …