Firstly, the focus in this framework is on planning for and adapting to socio-technical change of drinking water infrastructure. This assumes that any strategic planning of drinking water infrastructure needs to consider both the social and technical aspects in relation to each other, not in isolation. Drinking water infrastructure comprises physical elements like pipes and pumps, but they are …
Water is one of the most widely occurring substances on Earth. It covers seventy percent of the planet’s surface. Water is the only substance that exists naturally in all three states—solid (ice), liquid, and gas (water vapour and steam). Water falls as various types of precipitation—rain, hail, sleet, snow—and collects on the surface in glaciers, lakes, marshes, rivers, and oceans. It …
Water is not only the beginning of all things, as the old Greeks had alreadyrealized, but without water, no life on earth is possible, and clean water is also aprecondition for any form of sustainable development. There is enough availablefreshwater on earth (about 91,000 km3) to supply every individual on earth (about7.5 billion in 2020) approx. 12,000l, more than enough to live decently. Howe…
Five years after 2015, the world entered the decade before 2030. The new shockwith the COVID-19 crisis will make the challenges to achieve the goals even harderfor all the systems, notably for the water, sanitation and health systems. COVID-19further emphasized that it is essential to ensure clean water, improved sanitationand proper hygiene conditions for better protection of health in all par…
This publication is based on an Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance (TA) implemented by the National Development Planning Agency in Indonesia. The TA was financed by The Netherlands Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility for the project “TA 8432-INO: Improving Water Sector Planning, Management, and Development.” The report aims to disseminate the TA outputs of t…